Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2237
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"slug" => "gouvard-paul"
"fullName" => "Paul GOUVARD"
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0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2251
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1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2252
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0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#2240
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1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#2242
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2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#2239
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"fr" => "<p>Le professeur Paul Gouvard est titulaire d'un doctorat (PhD) de HEC Paris ; il a été chercheur invité à Berkeley Haas et professeur assistant à l'Università della Svizzera italiana. Ses recherches portent sur la manière dont les audiences donnent du sens aux organisations et aux acteurs qui leur sont associés, et les évaluent. Dans le prolongement de cette orientation générale, il étudie les multiples formes que peut prendre l'(a)typicalité ainsi que les évaluations hétérogènes qu'elle suscite parmis les audiences, tels que les investisseurs et les analystes financiers. Il examine également les processus plus larges par lesquels les audiences construisent les significations et la valeur attachées aux organisations et aux individus. Il est par ailleurs un spécialiste de l'usage du traitement automatique du langage naturel dans la recherche en management. Les travaux du professeur Gouvard ont été publiés dans de grandes revues académiques telles qu'<i>Administrative Science Quarterly</i>, l'<i>Academy of Management Review</i> et l'<i>Academy of Management Journal</i>.</p>\n"
"en" => "<p>Professor Paul Gouvard holds a PhD from HEC Paris and has been a visiting scholar at Berkeley Haas and an assistant professor at Università Della Svizzera Italiana. His research investigates how audiences make sense of organizations and the actors associated with them, and evaluate them. Building on this overarching focus, he studies the many forms that (a)typicality can take and the heterogeneous evaluations it elicits among audience members, such as investors and financial analysts. He also examines the broader processes through which audiences construct the meanings and value attached to organizations and individuals. He is also an expert on the use of natural language processing (such as word embeddings and topic modelling) in management research. Professor Gouvard's research has been published in leading academic journals such as <i>Administrative Science Quarterly</i>, the <i>Academy of Management Review</i>, and the <i>Academy of Management Journal</i>.</p>\n"
]
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0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2253
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1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2254
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2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2255
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2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2247
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3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2245
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4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2249
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5 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2250
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6 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2241
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7 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2244
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0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#2243
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1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#2236
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1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\These {#2260
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2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\These {#2261
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0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2263
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"slug" => "15097-to-be-or-not-to-be-typical-evaluation-mode-heterogeneity-and-its-consequences-for-organizations"
"yearMonth" => "2023-10"
"year" => 2023
"title" => "To Be or Not to Be (Typical): Evaluation-Mode Heterogeneity and Its Consequences for Organizations"
"description" => "GOUVARD, P. et DURAND, R. (2023). To Be or Not to Be (Typical): Evaluation-Mode Heterogeneity and Its Consequences for Organizations. <i>Academy of Management Review</i>, 48(4), pp. 659-680."
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"name" => "GOUVARD Paul"
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"abstract" => array:2 [
"fr" => "In markets, individuals use three main evaluation modes to categorize and subsequently value organizations based on received organizational cues: prototype-based, exemplar-based, and goal-based evaluation. Starting with the premise that individual audience members use prototype-based evaluation as a default evaluation mode when receiving expected organizational cues, this paper derives a theory that connects unexpected organizational cues with an individual audience member’s likelihood of switching from prototype-based evaluation to either exemplar-based or goal-based evaluation. Individual audience members’ switches between modes, which we refer to as evaluation-mode heterogeneity, lead to changes in their valuation of typical organizations relative to atypical organizations. Our proposed theory has important consequences for research on valuation in markets accounting for apparently conflicting findings in prior studies, and on optimal distinctiveness."
"en" => "In markets, individuals use three main evaluation modes to categorize and subsequently value organizations based on received organizational cues: prototype-based, exemplar-based, and goal-based evaluation. Starting with the premise that individual audience members use prototype-based evaluation as a default evaluation mode when receiving expected organizational cues, this paper derives a theory that connects unexpected organizational cues with an individual audience member’s likelihood of switching from prototype-based evaluation to either exemplar-based or goal-based evaluation. Individual audience members’ switches between modes, which we refer to as evaluation-mode heterogeneity, lead to changes in their valuation of typical organizations relative to atypical organizations. Our proposed theory has important consequences for research on valuation in markets accounting for apparently conflicting findings in prior studies, and on optimal distinctiveness."
]
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1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2265
#_index: "academ_contributions"
#_id: "15098"
#_source: array:18 [
"id" => 15098
"slug" => "15098-doing-organizational-identity-earnings-surprises-and-the-performative-atypicality-premium"
"yearMonth" => "2023-06"
"year" => 2023
"title" => "Doing Organizational Identity: Earnings Surprises and the Performative Atypicality Premium"
"description" => "GOUVARD, P., GOLDBERG, A. et SRIVASTAVA, S. (2023). Doing Organizational Identity: Earnings Surprises and the Performative Atypicality Premium. <i>Administrative Science Quarterly</i>, 68(3), pp. 781-823."
"authors" => array:3 [
0 => array:3 [
"name" => "GOUVARD Paul"
"bid" => "B00395870"
"slug" => "gouvard-paul"
]
1 => array:1 [
"name" => "GOLDBERG Amir"
]
2 => array:1 [
"name" => "SRIVASTAVA Sameer"
]
]
"ouvrage" => ""
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0 => "categories"
1 => "organizational identity"
2 => "economic sociology"
]
"updatedAt" => "2024-10-31 13:51:19"
"publicationUrl" => "https://doi.org/10.1177/00018392231180872"
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"pages" => "781-823"
"volume" => "68"
"number" => "3"
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"type" => array:2 [
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"en" => "Journal articles"
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"en" => "Scientific journal"
]
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"fr" => null
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]
"abstract" => array:2 [
"fr" => "How do organizations reconcile the cross-pressures of conformity and differentiation? Existing research predominantly conceptualizes identity as something an organization has by virtue of the products or services it offers. Drawing on constructivist theories, we argue that organizational members’ interactions with external audiences also dynamically produce identity. We call the extent to which such interactions diverge from audience expectations performative atypicality. Applying a novel deep-learning method to conversational text in over 90,000 earnings calls, we find that performative atypicality leads to an evaluation premium by securities analysts, paradoxically resulting in a negative earnings surprise. Moreover, performances that correspond to those of celebrated innovators are received with higher enthusiasm. Our findings suggest that firms that conform to categorical expectations while being performatively atypical can navigate the conflicting demands of similarity and uniqueness, especially if they hew to popular notions of being different."
"en" => "How do organizations reconcile the cross-pressures of conformity and differentiation? Existing research predominantly conceptualizes identity as something an organization has by virtue of the products or services it offers. Drawing on constructivist theories, we argue that organizational members’ interactions with external audiences also dynamically produce identity. We call the extent to which such interactions diverge from audience expectations performative atypicality. Applying a novel deep-learning method to conversational text in over 90,000 earnings calls, we find that performative atypicality leads to an evaluation premium by securities analysts, paradoxically resulting in a negative earnings surprise. Moreover, performances that correspond to those of celebrated innovators are received with higher enthusiasm. Our findings suggest that firms that conform to categorical expectations while being performatively atypical can navigate the conflicting demands of similarity and uniqueness, especially if they hew to popular notions of being different."
]
"authors_fields" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Management"
"en" => "Management"
]
"indexedAt" => "2026-07-10T10:23:23.000Z"
]
+lang: "fr"
+"_score": 7.863985
+"_ignored": array:2 [
0 => "abstract.en.keyword"
1 => "abstract.fr.keyword"
]
+"parent": null
}
2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2267
#_index: "academ_contributions"
#_id: "15099"
#_source: array:18 [
"id" => 15099
"slug" => "15099-an-audience-based-theory-of-firms-purposefulness"
"yearMonth" => "2022-04"
"year" => 2022
"title" => "An Audience-based Theory of Firms’ Purposefulness"
"description" => "DURAND, R. et GOUVARD, P. (2022). An Audience-based Theory of Firms’ Purposefulness. Dans: Lockwood, C. and Soublière, J.-F. eds. <i>Research in the Sociology of Organizations</i>. 1st ed. Leeds: Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 193-216."
"authors" => array:2 [
0 => array:3 [
"name" => "GOUVARD Paul"
"bid" => "B00395870"
"slug" => "gouvard-paul"
]
1 => array:1 [
"name" => "DURAND Rodolphe"
]
]
"ouvrage" => "Research in the Sociology of Organizations"
"keywords" => []
"updatedAt" => "2024-09-03 17:40:44"
"publicationUrl" => "https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20220000080012"
"publicationInfo" => array:3 [
"pages" => "193-216"
"volume" => "80"
"number" => ""
]
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"fr" => "Chapitres"
"en" => "Book chapters"
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"fr" => "Editeur"
"en" => "Publisher"
]
"countries" => array:2 [
"fr" => null
"en" => null
]
"abstract" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Extant research presents firms’ purpose as a consensual and positive attribute. This paper introduces an alternative perspective, which sees firms’ purposefulness as defined in relation to specific audiences. A firm’s purposefulness to a focal audience can be either positive or negative. Audiences find firms with which they share a common prioritization of issues more purposeful in absolute terms. Audiences find firms with which they share a common understanding of issues positively purposeful. Conversely, audiences find firms with an opposite understanding of issues negatively purposeful. Audiences harness specific resources to support firms they find positively purposeful and to oppose firms they find negatively purposeful. This paper introduces topic modeling and word embeddings as two techniques to operationalize this audience-based approach to purposefulness."
"en" => "Extant research presents firms’ purpose as a consensual and positive attribute. This paper introduces an alternative perspective, which sees firms’ purposefulness as defined in relation to specific audiences. A firm’s purposefulness to a focal audience can be either positive or negative. Audiences find firms with which they share a common prioritization of issues more purposeful in absolute terms. Audiences find firms with which they share a common understanding of issues positively purposeful. Conversely, audiences find firms with an opposite understanding of issues negatively purposeful. Audiences harness specific resources to support firms they find positively purposeful and to oppose firms they find negatively purposeful. This paper introduces topic modeling and word embeddings as two techniques to operationalize this audience-based approach to purposefulness."
]
"authors_fields" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Management"
"en" => "Management"
]
"indexedAt" => "2026-07-10T10:23:23.000Z"
]
+lang: "fr"
+"_score": 7.863985
+"_ignored": array:2 [
0 => "abstract.en.keyword"
1 => "abstract.fr.keyword"
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+"parent": null
}
3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2264
#_index: "academ_contributions"
#_id: "15182"
#_source: array:18 [
"id" => 15182
"slug" => "15182-clearing-up-confusion-the-effect-of-outlier-similarity-on-ipo-underpricing"
"yearMonth" => "2024-09"
"year" => 2024
"title" => "Clearing Up Confusion: The Effect of Outlier Similarity on IPO Underpricing"
"description" => "GOUVARD, P. et DURAND, R. (2024). Clearing Up Confusion: The Effect of Outlier Similarity on IPO Underpricing. <i>Organization Studies</i>, In press."
"authors" => array:2 [
0 => array:3 [
"name" => "GOUVARD Paul"
"bid" => "B00395870"
"slug" => "gouvard-paul"
]
1 => array:1 [
"name" => "DURAND Rodolphe"
]
]
"ouvrage" => ""
"keywords" => []
"updatedAt" => "2024-10-31 13:51:19"
"publicationUrl" => "https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406241286287"
"publicationInfo" => array:3 [
"pages" => null
"volume" => "In press"
"number" => null
]
"type" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Articles"
"en" => "Journal articles"
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"support_type" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Revue scientifique"
"en" => "Scientific journal"
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"fr" => null
"en" => null
]
"abstract" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Prior research demonstrates that audiences tend to converge in their valuations of firms similar to preexisting category prototypes or exemplars. Much less is known of the influence of salient outliers, specific firms that receive market-wide attention due to their extreme, ambiguous performance, on audiences’ valuations. We argue that outlier similarity, by contrast with prototype similarity, leads to divergent valuations among individual investors. We explore this insight in the context of initial public offerings (IPOs). In this context, converging valuations among investors lead to limited information asymmetry concerns and hence reduced underpricing on the first day of trading of an issuing firm. Hence, we expect that prototype similarity leads to lower underpricing while outlier similarity leads to higher underpricing. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 2,488 U.S. IPOs from 1996 to 2015, measuring prototype and outlier similarity through a natural language processing technique applied to nearly 160,000 financial documents. We find that in low-tech industries, where prototypes are informative about category members, prototype similarity reduces underpricing, but not in high-tech industries. Additionally, we find that outlier similarity increases underpricing, especially for more recent outliers. This paper contributes to the literature on market valuation and market categories, and advances research on meaning and culture using new text-based computational methods."
"en" => "Prior research demonstrates that audiences tend to converge in their valuations of firms similar to preexisting category prototypes or exemplars. Much less is known of the influence of salient outliers, specific firms that receive market-wide attention due to their extreme, ambiguous performance, on audiences’ valuations. We argue that outlier similarity, by contrast with prototype similarity, leads to divergent valuations among individual investors. We explore this insight in the context of initial public offerings (IPOs). In this context, converging valuations among investors lead to limited information asymmetry concerns and hence reduced underpricing on the first day of trading of an issuing firm. Hence, we expect that prototype similarity leads to lower underpricing while outlier similarity leads to higher underpricing. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 2,488 U.S. IPOs from 1996 to 2015, measuring prototype and outlier similarity through a natural language processing technique applied to nearly 160,000 financial documents. We find that in low-tech industries, where prototypes are informative about category members, prototype similarity reduces underpricing, but not in high-tech industries. Additionally, we find that outlier similarity increases underpricing, especially for more recent outliers. This paper contributes to the literature on market valuation and market categories, and advances research on meaning and culture using new text-based computational methods."
]
"authors_fields" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Management"
"en" => "Management"
]
"indexedAt" => "2026-07-10T10:23:23.000Z"
]
+lang: "fr"
+"_score": 7.863985
+"_ignored": array:2 [
0 => "abstract.en.keyword"
1 => "abstract.fr.keyword"
]
+"parent": null
}
4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2268
#_index: "academ_contributions"
#_id: "16519"
#_source: array:18 [
"id" => 16519
"slug" => "16519-the-social-attribution-of-innovation-uncovering-the-heads-behind-the-guillotine"
"yearMonth" => "2026-06"
"year" => 2026
"title" => "The Social Attribution of Innovation: Uncovering the Heads Behind the Guillotine"
"description" => "AVERSA, P., GOUVARD, P. et MAKAROVA, M.A. (2026). The Social Attribution of Innovation: Uncovering the Heads Behind the Guillotine. <i>Academy of Management Journal</i>, In press, pp. 1-33."
"authors" => array:3 [
0 => array:3 [
"name" => "GOUVARD Paul"
"bid" => "B00395870"
"slug" => "gouvard-paul"
]
1 => array:1 [
"name" => "AVERSA Paolo"
]
2 => array:1 [
"name" => "MAKAROVA Maria A."
]
]
"ouvrage" => ""
"keywords" => []
"updatedAt" => "2026-06-16 12:15:26"
"publicationUrl" => "https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2024.0314"
"publicationInfo" => array:3 [
"pages" => "1-33"
"volume" => "In press"
"number" => ""
]
"type" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Articles"
"en" => "Journal articles"
]
"support_type" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Revue scientifique"
"en" => "Scientific journal"
]
"countries" => array:2 [
"fr" => null
"en" => null
]
"abstract" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Popular narratives often attribute innovations to a few “heroic” figures. Although scholarship has challenged this myth, it typically treats attribution as an issue of credit allocation, separating innovation production from innovator recognition. As a result, we lack an integrated account of how innovations and innovators become progressively linked through social processes of attribution. We address this gap through a micro-historical study of the guillotine, a beheading machine enduringly attributed to—and named after—Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a humanist, physician, and politician who did not, in fact, invent it. Analyzing debates on equality in penal reform during the French Revolution (1788–1792), we develop a process model of attribution grounded in the co-construction of innovations and innovators. We theorize how audiences’ evaluations of a contributor’s engagement with a novel solution escalate into an evaluation–attribution spiral that crystallizes the innovator–innovation link. Our model identifies the mapping of contributors’ engagement onto value-laden problem dimensions as a key mechanism, and shows why, once crystallized, attribution persists even as the innovation’s meaning shifts—transferring credit or blame to the attributed actor regardless of material involvement. In doing so, we advance research on innovation production, innovator recognition, and the social construction of technology."
"en" => "Popular narratives often attribute innovations to a few “heroic” figures. Although scholarship has challenged this myth, it typically treats attribution as an issue of credit allocation, separating innovation production from innovator recognition. As a result, we lack an integrated account of how innovations and innovators become progressively linked through social processes of attribution. We address this gap through a micro-historical study of the guillotine, a beheading machine enduringly attributed to—and named after—Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a humanist, physician, and politician who did not, in fact, invent it. Analyzing debates on equality in penal reform during the French Revolution (1788–1792), we develop a process model of attribution grounded in the co-construction of innovations and innovators. We theorize how audiences’ evaluations of a contributor’s engagement with a novel solution escalate into an evaluation–attribution spiral that crystallizes the innovator–innovation link. Our model identifies the mapping of contributors’ engagement onto value-laden problem dimensions as a key mechanism, and shows why, once crystallized, attribution persists even as the innovation’s meaning shifts—transferring credit or blame to the attributed actor regardless of material involvement. In doing so, we advance research on innovation production, innovator recognition, and the social construction of technology."
]
"authors_fields" => array:2 [
"fr" => "Management"
"en" => "Management"
]
"indexedAt" => "2026-07-10T10:23:23.000Z"
]
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+"_score": 7.863985
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0 => "abstract.en.keyword"
1 => "abstract.fr.keyword"
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}
]
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]
"docTitle" => "Paul GOUVARD"
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]
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