Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196
  #_id: "B00000199"
  #_source: array:38 [
    "bid" => "B00000199"
    "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
    "fullName" => "André FOURÇANS"
    "lastName" => "FOURÇANS"
    "firstName" => "André"
    "title" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Professeur éminent"
      "en" => "Distinguished Professor"
    ]
    "email" => "fourcans@essec.edu"
    "status" => "ACTIF"
    "campus" => "Campus de Cergy"
    "departments" => []
    "phone" => "+33 (0)1 34 43 30 14"
    "sites" => []
    "facNumber" => "1956"
    "externalCvUrl" => "https://faculty.essec.edu/cv/fourcans-andre/pdf"
    "googleScholarUrl" => "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uVhUkzYAAAAJ"
    "facOrcId" => "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-4315"
    "career" => array:13 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6209
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "2008-09-01"
          "endDate" => null
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Positions académiques principales"
            "en" => "Full-time academic appointments"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur éminent"
            "en" => "Distinguished Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6210
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1990-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1993-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Professional appointments"
            "fr" => "Positions professionnelles"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Conseiller spécial du Commissaire européen en charge de la Fiscalité"
            "en" => "Special Advisor to the European Commissioner in charge of Taxation"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Commission européenne"
            "en" => "Commission européenne"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Belgique"
            "en" => "Belgium"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6211
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1976-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1979-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Professional appointments"
            "fr" => "Positions professionnelles"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Expert monétaire"
            "en" => "Expert monétaire"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Commission européenne"
            "en" => "Commission européenne"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Belgique"
            "en" => "Belgium"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6212
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1994-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1999-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Professional appointments"
            "fr" => "Positions professionnelles"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre français du Conseil économique, social et environnemental"
            "en" => "French Member of Economic, Social and Environmental Council"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Conseil Economique Social et Environnemental"
            "en" => "Conseil Economique Social et Environnemental"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6213
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1986-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1989-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Professional appointments"
            "fr" => "Positions professionnelles"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Député français au Parlement européen"
            "en" => "French Member of European Parliament"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Union Européenne"
            "en" => "Union Européenne"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      5 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6214
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1993-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1994-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Professional appointments"
            "fr" => "Positions professionnelles"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Député français au Parlement européen"
            "en" => "French Member of European Parliament,"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Union Européenne"
            "en" => "Union Européenne"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      6 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6215
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1996-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1999-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Professional appointments"
            "fr" => "Positions professionnelles"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Député français au Parlement européen"
            "en" => "French Member of European Parliament"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Union Européenne"
            "en" => "Union Européenne"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      7 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6216
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1977-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1980-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Other Academic Appointments"
            "fr" => "Autres positions académiques"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Maître de conférence"
            "en" => "Senior Lecturer"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Sciences Po Paris"
            "en" => "Sciences Po Paris"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      8 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6217
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1976-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1977-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Other Academic Appointments"
            "fr" => "Autres positions académiques"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur Visitant"
            "en" => "Visiting Fellow"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Carnegie Mellon University"
            "en" => "Carnegie Mellon University"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "États-Unis"
            "en" => "United States of America"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      9 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6218
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1976-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1984-12-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Other Academic Appointments"
            "fr" => "Autres positions académiques"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Représentant français au Shadow Economic Policy Committee, (direction, professeurs Karl Brunner et Allan Meltzer)"
            "en" => "French Representant at the Shadow Economic Policy Committee, (direction, professors Karl Brunner and Allan Meltzer)"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Shadow Economic Policy Committee"
            "en" => "Shadow Economic Policy Committee"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "États-Unis"
            "en" => "United States of America"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      10 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6219
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1983-09-01"
          "endDate" => "2008-08-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Positions académiques principales"
            "en" => "Full-time academic appointments"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur"
            "en" => "Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      11 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6220
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1980-09-01"
          "endDate" => "1983-08-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Positions académiques principales"
            "en" => "Full-time academic appointments"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur associé"
            "en" => "Associate Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      12 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#6221
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1974-09-01"
          "endDate" => "1977-08-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Positions académiques principales"
            "en" => "Full-time academic appointments"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur assistant"
            "en" => "Assistant Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
    ]
    "diplomes" => array:4 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#6198
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:5 [
          "diplome" => "DIPLOMA"
          "year" => "1974"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Doctorat en Business Administration (D.B.A.), spécialités Finances et Economie"
            "en" => "Doctorat en Business Administration (D.B.A.), spécialités Finances et Economie"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Indiana University"
            "en" => "Indiana University"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "États-Unis"
            "en" => "United States of America"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#6200
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:5 [
          "diplome" => "DIPLOMA"
          "year" => "1977"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Doctorat d'Etat es-Sciences Economiques"
            "en" => "Doctorat d'Etat es-Sciences Economiques"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas"
            "en" => "Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#6197
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:5 [
          "diplome" => "DIPLOMA"
          "year" => "1971"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Master in Business Administration (M.B.A.)"
            "en" => "Master in Business Administration (M.B.A.)"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "University of Illinois"
            "en" => "University of Illinois"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "États-Unis"
            "en" => "United States of America"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#6201
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:5 [
          "diplome" => "DIPLOMA"
          "year" => "1968"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ingénieur E.S.B. Paris."
            "en" => "Ingénieur E.S.B. Paris."
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESB Paris"
            "en" => "ESB Paris"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
    ]
    "bio" => array:2 [
      "fr" => null
      "en" => null
    ]
    "department" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Economie"
      "en" => "Economics"
    ]
    "site" => array:2 [
      "fr" => ""
      "en" => ""
    ]
    "industrrySectors" => array:2 [
      "fr" => null
      "en" => null
    ]
    "researchFields" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Economie monétaire - Macroéconomie - Economie Internationale et Européenne - économie européenne"
      "en" => "Monetary economics - Macroeconomics - European and International Economics - économie européenne"
    ]
    "teachingFields" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Macroéconomie"
      "en" => "Macroeconomics"
    ]
    "distinctions" => []
    "teaching" => []
    "otherActivities" => array:9 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6195
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "1977-01-01"
          "endDate" => null
          "year" => null
          "uuid" => "501"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités professionnelles"
            "en" => "Activités professionnelles"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'une association professionnelle, d'un groupe d'experts ou d'un conseil d'administration"
            "en" => "Member of a professional association, of an expert group or of a board of directors"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du Comité de Nomination au Prix en Sciences Économiques à la Mémoire d'Alfred Nobel ("Prix Nobel")"
            "en" => "Member of the Nomination Committee for the Sverigs Risk Bank Price in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel ("Nobel Prize")"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6199
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "1977-01-01"
          "endDate" => null
          "year" => null
          "uuid" => "204"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'une association académique"
            "en" => "Member of an academic association"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Member of the American Economic Association"
            "en" => "Member of the American Economic Association"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6202
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "1977-01-01"
          "endDate" => null
          "year" => null
          "uuid" => "204"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'une association académique"
            "en" => "Member of an academic association"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Member of the North American Economics and Finance Association"
            "en" => "Member of the North American Economics and Finance Association"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6203
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2017-01-01"
          "endDate" => "2018-12-31"
          "year" => null
          "uuid" => "202"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Fonction dans une association académique"
            "en" => "Function in an academic association"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Director and President of The International Trade and Finance Association"
            "en" => "Director and President of The International Trade and Finance Association"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6204
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2002-04-01"
          "endDate" => null
          "year" => null
          "uuid" => "501"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités professionnelles"
            "en" => "Activités professionnelles"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'une association professionnelle, d'un groupe d'experts ou d'un conseil d'administration"
            "en" => "Member of a professional association, of an expert group or of a board of directors"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du Brussels' Initiatives Group"
            "en" => "Member of Brussels' Initiatives Group"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      5 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6205
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2017-03-01"
          "endDate" => "2019-12-31"
          "year" => "2017"
          "uuid" => "102"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Co-direction d'une revue - Co-rédacteur en chef"
            "en" => "Senior or Associate Editor"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Co-Rédacteur en chef - Global Economy Journal"
            "en" => "Associate editor - Global Economy Journal"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      6 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6206
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "1993-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1993-12-31"
          "year" => "1993"
          "uuid" => "103"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'un comité de lecture"
            "en" => "Editorial Board Membership"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du comité de lecture - European Business and Economic Development"
            "en" => "Editorial board membership - European Business and Economic Development"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      7 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6207
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "1994-01-01"
          "endDate" => "2006-12-31"
          "year" => "1994"
          "uuid" => "103"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'un comité de lecture"
            "en" => "Editorial Board Membership"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du comité de lecture - European Business Review"
            "en" => "Editorial board membership - European Business Review"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
      8 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#6208
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2004-01-01"
          "endDate" => "2016-12-31"
          "year" => "2004"
          "uuid" => "103"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités de recherche"
            "en" => "Activités de recherche"
          ]
          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'un comité de lecture"
            "en" => "Editorial Board Membership"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du comité de lecture - Global Economy Journal"
            "en" => "Editorial board membership - Global Economy Journal"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#6196}
      }
    ]
    "theses" => []
    "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:21:24.000Z"
    "contributions" => array:396 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6222
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6712"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6712"
          "slug" => "modernisation-de-letat-et-competitivite"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-10"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "Modernisation de l'Etat et compétitivité"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1991). Modernisation de l'Etat et compétitivité."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6224
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6713"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6713"
          "slug" => "money-housing-and-the-economy-during-crises-a-nonlinear-dsge-approach"
          "yearMonth" => "2016-05"
          "year" => "2016"
          "title" => "Money, Housing and the Economy during Crises: a Nonlinear DSGE Approach"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A., BENCHIMOL, J. et IVASHCHENKO, S. (2016). Money, Housing and the Economy during Crises: a Nonlinear DSGE Approach. Dans: 26th International Conference of the\t International Trade and Finance Association."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "IVASHCHENKO S."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "26th International Conference of the\t International Trade and Finance Association"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6226
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6717"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6717"
          "slug" => "moyens-de-controle-des-bourses-dans-les-etats-membres-de-la-communaute"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-02"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "Moyens de contrôle des bourses dans les Etats - membres de la Communauté"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). Moyens de contrôle des bourses dans les Etats - membres de la Communauté."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6223
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6747"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6747"
          "slug" => "nominal-income-versus-inflation-targeting-in-practice"
          "yearMonth" => "2015-05"
          "year" => "2015"
          "title" => "Nominal Income versus Inflation Targeting in Practice"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2015). Nominal Income versus Inflation Targeting in Practice. Dans: 25th International Conference of the \tIT&FA."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "25th International Conference of the \tIT&FA"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6227
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6790"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6790"
          "slug" => "one-currency-for-europe-from-theory-to-practice"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-03"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "One Currency for Europe: From Theory to Practice"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). One Currency for Europe: From Theory to Practice. Dans: International Conference in Finance."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "International Conference in Finance"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 12:30:34"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://www.routledge.com/International-Finance-Contemporary-Issues/Das/p/book/9780415092814"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => "12"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      5 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#5851
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6899"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6899"
          "slug" => "plusieurs-interventions-sur-la-situation-economique-mondiale-lespace-financier-europeen-la-monnaie-europeenne-la-concurrence-leconomie-des-pays-du-golfe-persique"
          "yearMonth" => "1988-01"
          "year" => "1988"
          "title" => "Plusieurs interventions sur : la situation économique mondiale, l'espace financier européen, la monnaie européenne, la concurrence, l'économie des pays du Golfe Persique"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1988). Plusieurs interventions sur : la situation économique mondiale, l'espace financier européen, la monnaie européenne, la concurrence, l'économie des pays du Golfe Persique."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      6 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6225
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6962"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6962"
          "slug" => "proposition-de-politique-economique-pour-les-pays-europeens"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-11"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "Proposition de politique économique pour les pays européens"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). Proposition de politique économique pour les pays européens."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      7 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6228
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6985"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6985"
          "slug" => "quel-avenir-pour-la-securite-sociale"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-02"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "Quel avenir pour la Sécurité Sociale"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). Quel avenir pour la Sécurité Sociale."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      8 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6229
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7095"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7095"
          "slug" => "role-de-la-commission-au-sein-du-fmi"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-10"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "Rôle de la Commission au sein du FMI"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). Rôle de la Commission au sein du FMI."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      9 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6230
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7215"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7215"
          "slug" => "structural-unemployment-in-eastern-european-reforming-countries-a-theoretical-framework"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-09"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Structural Unemployment in Eastern European Reforming Countries: A Theoretical Framework"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1994). Structural Unemployment in Eastern European Reforming Countries: A Theoretical Framework. Dans: European Association of Comparative Economic Studies, 8-10 September. Budapest."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "European Association of Comparative Economic Studies, 8-10 September"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 13:37:43"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Un modèle de la détermination du chômage dans les pays de l'Europe centrale et orientale. Deux secteurs en interaction, l'un fondé sur les négociations collectives, l'autre sur la concurrence, servent de fondement à l'analyse du problème."
            "en" => "A theoretical model to assess unemployment in Eastern European countries. The two-sector model (one based on collective bargaining, the other on competition) establishes the conditions to analyse unemployment."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      10 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6231
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7229"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7229"
          "slug" => "systeme-monetaire-et-financier-et-convertibilite-des-monnaies-dans-les-pays-de-lest"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-06"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "Système monétaire et financier et convertibilité des monnaies dans les pays de l'Est"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1991). Système monétaire et financier et convertibilité des monnaies dans les pays de l'Est."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      11 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6232
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7273"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7273"
          "slug" => "the-building-of-financial-markets-in-the-eastern-countries"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-11"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "The Building of Financial Markets in the Eastern Countries"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). The Building of Financial Markets in the Eastern Countries."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      12 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6233
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7305"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7305"
          "slug" => "the-economy-of-france-in-view-of-the-presidential-election"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-09"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "The Economy of France in View of the Presidential Election"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). The Economy of France in View of the Presidential Election."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Une analyse de la situation de l'économie française et les problèmes à résoudre par le futur président."
            "en" => "An analysis of the French economic situation and the problems to be solved after the next presidential elections."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      13 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6234
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7330"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7330"
          "slug" => "the-future-of-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-05"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "The Future of Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). The Future of Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      14 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6235
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7331"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7331"
          "slug" => "the-future-of-europe-as-seen-through-french-eyes"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-11"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "The Future of Europe as Seen through French Eyes"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). The Future of Europe as Seen through French Eyes."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La construction européenne et ses problèmes."
            "en" => "The future of Europe and its problems."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      15 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6236
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7422"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7422"
          "slug" => "the-role-of-money-and-monetary-policy-in-crises-periods-the-euro-zone-case"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-05"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "The Role of Money and Monetary Policy in Crises Periods: The Euro Zone Case"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2012). The Role of Money and Monetary Policy in Crises Periods: The Euro Zone Case. Dans: International Trade and Finance Association's 22nd International Conference."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "International Trade and Finance Association's 22nd International Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:31:12"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "In this paper, we test two models of the Eurozone, with a special emphasis on the role of money and monetary policy during crises. The role of separability between money and consumption is investigated further and we analyse the Euro area economy during three different crises: 1992, 2001 and 2007. We find that money has a rather significant role to play in explaining output variations during crises whereas, at the same time, the role of monetary policy on output decreases significantly. Moreover, we find that a model with non-separability between consumption and money has better forecasting performance than a baseline separable model over crisis periods."
            "en" => "In this paper, we test two models of the Eurozone, with a special emphasis on the role of money and monetary policy during crises. The role of separability between money and consumption is investigated further and we analyse the Euro area economy during three different crises: 1992, 2001 and 2007. We find that money has a rather significant role to play in explaining output variations during crises whereas, at the same time, the role of monetary policy on output decreases significantly. Moreover, we find that a model with non-separability between consumption and money has better forecasting performance than a baseline separable model over crisis periods."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      16 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6237
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7450"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7450"
          "slug" => "the-stability-and-growth-pact-the-centipedes-resurrection-from-ashes"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-05"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "The Stability and Growth Pact: The Centipede's Resurrection from Ashes"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2004). The Stability and Growth Pact: The Centipede's Resurrection from Ashes. Dans: Fourteenth International Conference, International Trade and Finance Association. San Antonio."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Fourteenth International Conference, International Trade and Finance Association"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-08 17:18:39"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      17 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6238
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7706"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7706"
          "slug" => "la-rupture-le-liberalisme-a-lepreuve-des-faits"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-01"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "La rupture : le libéralisme à l'épreuve des faits"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. [Ed] (1986). <i>La rupture : le libéralisme à l'épreuve des faits</i>. Economica."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Direction d'ouvrage"
            "en" => "Book editor"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      18 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6239
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7873"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7873"
          "slug" => "a-model-of-structural-and-cyclical-employment-in-transitional-economies"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-01"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "A Model of Structural and Cyclical Employment in Transitional Economies"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1995). <i>A Model of Structural and Cyclical Employment in Transitional Economies</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Le modèle proposé analyse l'impact des facteurs structurels ainsi que l'impact des fluctuations de la demande globale sur l'emploi dans les économies en transition. Il est démontré que les gouvernements peuvent rechercher un taux d'inflation "optimal" , ce taux est d'autant plus faible que la réforme des entreprises et la privatisation sont rapides. Dans ces conditions la stabilisation macroéconomique et la privatisation sont des objectifs mutuellement compatibles."
            "en" => "The proposed model analyses the structural factors determining employment as well as the aggregate demand influence on employment fluctuations in transitional economies. It is shown that governments can seek an "optimal" target inflation rate , the quicker the pace of enterprise reforms and privatization, the lower the inflation rate."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      19 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6240
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8002"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8002"
          "slug" => "ecb-monetary-policy-rule-some-theory-and-empirical-evidence"
          "yearMonth" => "2002-05"
          "year" => "2002"
          "title" => "ECB Monetary Policy Rule: Some Theory and Empirical Evidence"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (2002). <i>ECB Monetary Policy Rule: Some Theory and Empirical Evidence</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article propose plusieurs estimations économétriques d’une règle de Taylor pour la BCE, sur la base de données mensuelles extrêmement entre 1999.04 et 2002.02. Nos résultats montrent que la Banque centrale présente un comportement rigoureux : elle augmente son principal taux directeur de 1.2 points chaque fois que le taux d’inflation excède de 1 point le taux cible. Comme la FED, sa politique monétaire semble influencée par l’activité économique. La Banque va lisser dans le temps ses interventions sur le taux. Contrairement à l’un des objectifs annoncés, elle ne semble pas réagir aux fluctuations du taux de croissance de M3."
            "en" => "This paper estimates different monetary policy rules for the ECB with monthly data during the period 1999.04-2002.02. The results show that the ECB exhibits a rather conservative behavior: a 1 percentage point increase in the inflation rate above its target brings about a 1.2 percentage point increase in the interest rate. Like the FED, its policy is influenced by real activity. The Bank also smoothes changes in interest rates over time. Despite the announced money growth “reference value”, it does not reacts to changes in M3 growth rates."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      20 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6241
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8027"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8027"
          "slug" => "euroland-versus-usa-a-theoretical-framework-for-monetary-strategies"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-05"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "Euroland versus USA: A Theoretical Framework for Monetary Strategies"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (1999). <i>Euroland versus USA: A Theoretical Framework for Monetary Strategies</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La Banque Centrale Européenne devrait-elle considérer le taux de change euro-dollar comme un objectif de sa politique monétaire ? Quelles en seraient alors les conséquences pour ce qui concerne la volatilité du taux de change ? Dans cette perspective, l'objectif de cet article est d'étudier les stratégies monétaires possibles des américains et des européens. On utilise la théorie des jeux, d'abord dans le cadre d'un horizon fini puis infini, avec deux stratégies possibles ("faucon" et "colombe"). Selon l'horizon choisi, la solution d'équilibre débouche sur deux implications essentielles. Dans le cas de l'horizon fini, l'optimum de Pareto ne peut être obtenu que si les deux joueurs se mettent d'accord pour ne pas chercher à tromper les anticipations de taux de change que peut avoir l'autre. Dans le cas de l'horizon infini, c'est l'intérêt de chacun des joueurs d'adresser un signal fort et clair à l'autre quant à sa stratégie. Cette analyse débouche sur des recommandations de politique monétaire pour ce qui concerne la Banque Centrale Européenne vis-à-vis de la Fed."
            "en" => "Should the new European Central Bank take the euro-dollar exchange rate as an objective of its policy? And what would then be the consequences on the volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate? In the light of these questions, the aim of this article is to study the various possible strategies of both the American and European policy makers. For that, we use a game theoretical approach, first with a finite horizon, second with an infinite one. Two strategies are possible ("hawk" and "dove"). Depending on the time horizon, the equilibrium solution leads to two main implications. First, in the finite horizon case, an optimal Pareto solution can only be attained if both players mutually agree not to disrupt each other's expectations on the exchange rate. Secondly, in the infinite horizon situation, it is in the interest of each player to address a clear and strong signal to the other about its own strategy. This result leads to some propositions as to the optimal strategy of the European Central Bank with respect to the Federal reserve system."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      21 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6242
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8028"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8028"
          "slug" => "european-monetary-union-theory-and-practice"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-04"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "European Monetary Union: Theory and Practice"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1991). <i>European Monetary Union: Theory and Practice</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 09:42:58"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'Union Monétaire de l'Europe soulève de multiples problèmes tant théoriques qu'empiriques. La première partie de cet article analyse les fondements théoriques de l'union en comparaison de ceux justifiant d'autres systèmes. La deuxième partie examine en quoi les soubassements théoriques indispensables à l'Union sont, ou ne sont pas pris en compte dans les propositions institutionnelles EMU."
            "en" => "European Monetary Union raises several theoretical and empirical questions. The first part of the paper compares, at the theoretical level, the foundations of the Union versus those of other systems. Part two studies to what extent these theoretical foundations are, or are not, taken into consideration in the institutional proposals for UME."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      22 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6243
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8052"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8052"
          "slug" => "fiscalite-europeenne-et-optimalite-economique"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-01"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "Fiscalité européenne et optimalité économique"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1992). <i>Fiscalité européenne et optimalité économique</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse les propositions de réformes fiscales au plan européen à la lumière des critères d'optimalité. Après un développement sur les fondements théoriques de ces critères, il analyse dans quelle mesure ces propositions satisfont aux conditions de l'optimalité économique, notamment en ce qui concerne les distorsions entre pays. Sont étudiées la fiscalité de l'épargne, celle de la TVA et des accises, puis la fiscalité des entreprises et celle transfrontière , sont aussi abordées les conséquences possibles des prélèvements sur les salaires. En règle générale, on peut conclure que les réformes proposées (dont certaines sont déjà appliquées) ne devraient pas être sources de distorsions et d'inefficiences supplémentaires significatives , elles devraient au contraire conduire à l'élimination d'un certain nombre de celles-ci, sinon dans l'immédiat du moins à terme si les objectifs fiscaux affichés sont atteints."
            "en" => "The aim of this article is to analyse to what extent European tax reform proposals are in line with optimality criteria. After a brief review of the literature, proposals are analysed in terms of distortions and efficiency. Taxes on investment income, VAT and excise taxes, corporate and cross-border taxes are evaluated in this light. It is shown thatgenerally  the new European tax system should not be a source of new important distortions and inefficiencies , on the contrary,  it should lead to the elimination of many of those, if not immediately, at least in the medium-term, as far as the avowed tax reform proposals are implemented."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      23 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6244
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8099"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8099"
          "slug" => "is-the-ecb-so-special-a-qualitative-and-quantitative-analysis"
          "yearMonth" => "2006-03"
          "year" => "2006"
          "title" => "Is the ECB So Special? A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (2006). <i>Is the ECB So Special? A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:5 [
            0 => "BCE et Fed "
            1 => "Politique monétaire "
            2 => "Règle de Taylor"
            3 => "VAR"
            4 => "Zone euro"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-08 17:22:47"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article étudie la politique monétaire de la BCE sur la période 1999-2005 en s'appuyant sur une analyse qualitative basée sur l'interprétation des messages du Président de la banque centrale ainsi qu'une analyse empirique des principales décisions. Cette dernière analyse propose plusieurs estimations de la règle de Taylor de la BCE et développe un modèle vectoriel autorégressif de la zone euro, afin d'étudier l'impact des chocs du taux d'intérêt. Ces résultats sont mis en perspective avec la politique monétaire de la Fed."
            "en" => "This paper analyses the European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy over the period 1999-2005, both from a qualitative and a quantitative perspective, and compares it with the Federal Reserve Bank. The qualitative approach builds on information conveyed by various speeches of the central bank officers, mainly the President of the ECB, Jean-Claude Trichet. The quantitative analysis provides several estimates of what could have been the ECB and Fed interest rate rules. It also develops a VAR model of both the Euro zone and the US economy so as to analyze dynamic effects of an interest rate shock. Both the qualitative and quantitative analyses point to the difficult task of the ECB, which must build credibility while managing monetary policy under major uncertainty about the structure of the new Euro area. They also suggest that, apart from the ECB's credibility building, differences between the observed behaviour of the ECB and the Fed over the time period under investigation should be accounted for by differences in the economic outlook of the two areas, rather than in the goals of the central bankers."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      24 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6245
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8144"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8144"
          "slug" => "la-supervision-des-banques-commerciales-et-des-institutions-financieres-et-la-stabilite-monetaire"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-06"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "La supervision des banques commerciales et des institutions financières et la stabilité monétaire"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). <i>La supervision des banques commerciales et des institutions financières et la stabilité monétaire</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce rapport examine l'état du système de contrôle prudential en Europe. Il fait ensuite des propositions quant à l'évolution qu'il devrait suivre dans le cadre de l'Union économique et monétaire afin d'assurer au mieux la stabilité monétaire, avant et après la mise en place de la monnaie unique."
            "en" => "This report studies the prudential control of banks in Europe. It makes proposals for reforms as Europe moves towards Monetary Union in order to ensure monetary stability, before and after a single currency is established."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      25 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6246
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8192"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8192"
          "slug" => "les-enjeux-economiques-de-la-grande-allemagne-menaces-ou-opportunites"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-12"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Les enjeux économiques de la grande Allemagne : menaces ou opportunités"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1990). <i>Les enjeux économiques de la grande Allemagne : menaces ou opportunités</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 09:44:17"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      26 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6247
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8200"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8200"
          "slug" => "les-objectifs-et-instruments-dune-politique-monetaire"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-06"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Les objectifs et instruments d'une politique monétaire"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). <i>Les objectifs et instruments d'une politique monétaire</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce rapport étudie les objectifs et instruments de la politique monétaire européenne, avant et après la mise en place d'une monnaie unique. Après un examen de la situation des différents Etats membres sur ces questions, il fait des propositions quant à la mise en place de la politique monétaire européenne, avant et après la mise en place de la Banque centrale européenne."
            "en" => "This report studies the goals and instruments of European monetary policy, before and after the establishment of a single currency. After a review of monetary policy within each member state, proposals are made as to the type of monetary policy that the European union should follow, before and after a European Central Bank is set up."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      27 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6248
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8237"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8237"
          "slug" => "lunion-monetaire-de-leurope-fondements-theoriques-problemes-et-propositions"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-01"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "L'union monétaire de l'Europe : fondements théoriques, problèmes et propositions"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1990). <i>L'union monétaire de l'Europe : fondements théoriques, problèmes et propositions</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      28 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6249
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8276"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8276"
          "slug" => "money-and-risk-aversion-in-a-dsge-framework-a-bayesian-application-to-the-euro-zone"
          "yearMonth" => "2010-04"
          "year" => "2010"
          "title" => "Money and Risk Aversion in a DSGE Framework: A Bayesian Application to the Euro Zone"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2010). <i>Money and Risk Aversion in a DSGE Framework: A Bayesian Application to the Euro Zone</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Estimation bayésienne"
            1 => "Modèle DSGE"
            2 => "Monnaie"
            3 => "Zone euro"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article présente un modèle théorique et empirique de la zone euro, en mettant en perspective le rôle de la monnaie. Le modèle s’inscrit dans le cadre « Nouveaux Keynésiens-DSGE », la monnaie étant introduite dans la fonction d’utilité des ménages sous une forme non-séparable. En testant le modèle selon la méthode bayésienne nous expliquons la variance de la production et de l’inflation, mais aussi du taux d’intérêt, des balances réelles, de la production  et des balances réelles en prix flexibles. Le rôle de la monnaie est analysé plus particulièrement. Nous montrons que son impact sur la production dépend du degré d’aversion au risque des agents, qu’il augmente avec ce degré, et qu’il devient significatif quand l’aversion au risque inter-temporel est suffisamment élevée. L’impact direct de la monnaie est en revanche très limité pour expliquer la variance de l’inflation, la politique monétaire, via le taux d’intérêt, constituant le facteur dominant."
            "en" => "In this paper, we set up and test a model of the Euro zone, with a special emphasis on the role of money. The model follows the New Keynesian DSGE framework, money being introduced in the utility function with a non-separability assumption. By using bayesian estimation techniques, we shed light on the determinants of output and inflation, but also of the interest rate, real money balances, flexible-price output and flexible-price real money balances variances. The role of money is investigated further. We find that its impact on output depends on the degree of agents’ risk aversion, increases with this degree, and becomes significant when risk aversion is high enough. The direct impact of the money variable on inflation variability is essentially minor whatever the risk aversion level, the interest rate (monetary policy) being the overwhelming explanatory factor."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      29 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6250
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8277"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8277"
          "slug" => "money-in-a-dsge-framework-with-an-application-to-the-euro-zone"
          "yearMonth" => "2009-09"
          "year" => "2009"
          "title" => "Money in a DSGE Framework with an Application to the Euro Zone"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2009). <i>Money in a DSGE Framework with an Application to the Euro Zone</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "BCE"
            1 => "Inflation"
            2 => "Monnaie"
            3 => "Politique monétaire"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Le "nouveau keynésianisme" actuel néglige le rôle des agrégats monétaires dans la détermination de l'équilibre économique. On peut se poser des questions sur cette vision tant il est difficile d'admettre que la monnaie serait une variable "passive" du système économique. En introduisant les balances réelles dans une fonction d'utilité non-séparable, cet article incorpore explicitement le rôle de la monnaie dans un modèle du type DSGE. Cette spécification débouche sur des équations d'inflation et d'output gap dans lesquelles les encaisses monétaires jouent un rôle significatif. Le modèle DSGE est calibré par la General Method of Moments (GMM) appliqué aux données de la zone Euro. Les résultats et l'analyse démontrent que dans la mesure où la croissance monétaire joue un rôle significatif, la BCE devrait réagir plus vigoureusement aux chocs économiques qu'elle ne le fait généralement."
            "en" => "In the current New Keynesian literature, the role of monetary aggregates is generally neglected. Yet it's hard to imagine money completely "passive" to the rest of the system. By entering real money balances in a non-separable utility function, we introduce an explicit role for money via preference redefinition in a simple New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. It involves new inflation and output gap specifications where money plays a significant role. We use the General Method of Moments (GMM) to calibrate our DSGE model of the Euro area and we show that the European Central Bank -ECB) should react more strongly to economic shocks as far as the role of money is found significant."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      30 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6251
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8278"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8278"
          "slug" => "money-in-the-inflation-equation-the-euro-area-evidence"
          "yearMonth" => "2008-05"
          "year" => "2008"
          "title" => "Money in the Inflation Equation: The Euro Area Evidence"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (2008). <i>Money in the Inflation Equation: The Euro Area Evidence</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "BCE"
            1 => "Inflation"
            2 => "Monnaie"
            3 => "Politique monétaire"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'étude montre que dans la Zone Euro une croissance de l'agrégat monétaire M3 avoisinant les 10% sur une longue période est responsable d'une inflation de 2.5%. L'output gap peut influencer l'inflation dans le court-terme.L'étude montre que dans la Zone Euro une croissance de l'agrégat monétaire M3 avoisinant les 10% sur une longue période est responsable d'une inflation de 2.5%. L'output gap peut influencer l'inflation dans le court-terme."
            "en" => "The ECB is the only major central bank that still emphasizes the role of money in monetary policy management. In this paper, we bring some support to this approach. Taking into account Euro area data from the period between 1999 and 2007, we demonstrate that a steady 10 per cent increase in M3 may result in an inflation rate of approximately 2½ percentage points. A negative output gap would have a short term offsetting effect, and vice versa."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      31 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6252
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8287"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8287"
          "slug" => "nominal-income-versus-taylor-type-rules-in-practice"
          "yearMonth" => "2016-07"
          "year" => "2016"
          "title" => "Nominal Income Versus Taylor-Type Rules in Practice"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2016). <i>Nominal Income Versus Taylor-Type Rules in Practice</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-08 17:21:37"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      32 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6253
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8417"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8417"
          "slug" => "structural-unemployment-in-eastern-european-reforming-countries"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-08"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Structural Unemployment in Eastern European Reforming Countries"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1994). <i>Structural Unemployment in Eastern European Reforming Countries</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article développe un modèle théorique du chômage structurel dans les économies en transition. Le modèle comporte deux secteurs (le "secteur d'Etat" et le "secteur privé") avec des comportements d'emploi différents. Chaque secteur est analysé en équilibre partiel puis en équilibre général pour tenir compte de leurs interactions. Deux types d'analyse sont effectuées : statistique et dynamique."
            "en" => "This article develops a theoretical model of structural unemployment in transitional economies. The model includes two sectors (the "State sector" and the "private sector") with different approaches as to their employment behavior. The analysis is conducted first in a partial equilibrium then in a general equilibrium framework. Static and dynamic analyses are also presented."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      33 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6254
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8475"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8475"
          "slug" => "the-role-of-money-and-monetary-policy-in-crisis-periods-the-euro-area-case"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-02"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "The Role of Money and Monetary Policy in Crisis Periods: The Euro Area Case"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2012). <i>The Role of Money and Monetary Policy in Crisis Periods: The Euro Area Case</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 13:18:43"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "In this paper, we test two models of the Eurozone, with a special emphasis on the role of money and monetary policy during crises. The role of separability between money and consumption is investigated further and we analyse the Euro area economy during three different crises: 1992, 2001 and 2007. We find that money has a rather significant role to play in explaining output variations during crises whereas, at the same time, the role of monetary policy on output decreases significantly. Moreover, we find that a model with non-separability between consumption and money has better forecasting performance than a baseline separable model over crisis periods."
            "en" => "In this paper, we test two models of the Eurozone, with a special emphasis on the role of money and monetary policy during crises. The role of separability between money and consumption is investigated further and we analyse the Euro area economy during three different crises: 1992, 2001 and 2007. We find that money has a rather significant role to play in explaining output variations during crises whereas, at the same time, the role of monetary policy on output decreases significantly. Moreover, we find that a model with non-separability between consumption and money has better forecasting performance than a baseline separable model over crisis periods."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      34 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6255
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8653"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8653"
          "slug" => "laccord-signe-entre-la-banque-de-chine-et-la-bce-peut-il-changer-la-donne"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-10"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "L'accord signé entre la banque de Chine et la BCE peut-il changer la donne ?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2013). L'accord signé entre la banque de Chine et la BCE peut-il changer la donne ? <i>Atlantico</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      35 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6256
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8666"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8666"
          "slug" => "20-ans-de-lue-leurope-na-pas-entraine-une-baisse-de-la-fiscalite"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-11"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "20 ans de l'UE : "L'Europe n'a pas entraîné une baisse de la fiscalité""
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2013). 20 ans de l'UE : "L'Europe n'a pas entraîné une baisse de la fiscalité". <i>L'Express</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Concurrence fiscale"
            1 => "Europe"
            2 => "Fiscalité"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Un développement à propos d’un modèle de théorie des jeux sur la question de la concurrence fiscale en Europe. Contrairement aux craintes de beaucoup, un mouvement vers le moins disant fiscal n’a pas eu lieu, au contraire pour ce qui concerne la France. Il conviendrait d’avoir un budget en bonne situation pour pouvoir bien gérer cette situation."
            "en" => "Some development around a model of fiscal competition in Europe. Contrary to what many people believed would happen, a “race to the bottom” did not happen. The French case indicates the reverse behavior since taxes have increased. Yet the situation of public finances should be in a better situation to deal with this question."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      36 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6257
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8676"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8676"
          "slug" => "a-propos-du-manifeste"
          "yearMonth" => "1996-01"
          "year" => "1996"
          "title" => "A propos du manifeste"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1996). A propos du manifeste. <i>Le Figaro</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse des propositions de politiques monétaire et budgétaire pour traiter l'économie française. Des propositions nouvelles pour accélérer la croissance et l'emploi sont mises en avant."
            "en" => "This article analyzes various proposals concerning  fiscal and monetary policies in France. Counter-proposals to increase growth and employment are put forward."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      37 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6258
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8703"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8703"
          "slug" => "banque-centrale-europeenne-les-politiques-se-trompent-de-combat"
          "yearMonth" => "2006-12"
          "year" => "2006"
          "title" => "Banque centrale européenne : les politiques se trompent de combat"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et BARON, T. (2006). Banque centrale européenne : les politiques se trompent de combat. <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 5."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "Baron T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "BCE"
            1 => "Europe"
            2 => "Politique monétaire"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "5"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La BCE doit être indépendante des pouvoirs politiques pour des raisons institutionnelles et surtout écon omiques. Sa mission est d'assurer la stabilité des prix, et ce faisant, elle réduit le chômage à son niveau structurel qui ne dépend plus d'elle. Changer sa stratégie serait irréaliste voire démagogique."
            "en" => "The ECB must be independent from the political system, for institutional and especially economic reasons. its role is to maintain price stability, and in so doing it reduces the unemployment rate to its structural level, which does not depend on monetary policy."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      38 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6259
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8704"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8704"
          "slug" => "banquiers-encore-un-effort-pour-entrer-dans-la-concurrence"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-12"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Banquiers, encore un effort pour entrer dans la concurrence !"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (2004). Banquiers, encore un effort pour entrer dans la concurrence ! <i>Les Echos</i>."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article propose un commentaire sur les particularités du secteur bancaire français en terme d'organisation industrielle."
            "en" => "A comment on the idiosyncratic features of the industrial organization of the French banking sector."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      39 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6260
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8714"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8714"
          "slug" => "bush-et-leffet-de-serre-une-etape-interessante"
          "yearMonth" => "2002-02"
          "year" => "2002"
          "title" => "Bush et l'effet de serre : une étape intéressante"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2002). Bush et l'effet de serre : une étape intéressante. <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 4."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "4"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Une analyse des propositions de G. Bush pour lutter contre l'effet de serre. Un plan fondé sur les incertitudes spécifiques, le coût économique et l'absence des pays en développement. Reposant sur les incertitudes plutôt que la contrainte. Satisfaisantsen tant que première étape."
            "en" => "An analysis of president Bush's proposals to fight climate change. A proposal based on scientific uncertainties, economic costs and the problem of poor countries. Based also on incentives rather than constraints. An interesting proposal as a first step."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      40 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6261
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8721"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8721"
          "slug" => "cercle-vicieux-la-lutte-a-la-francaise-contre-le-chomage-cree-t-elle-encore-plus-de-chomage"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-03"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "Cercle vicieux : La lutte à la française contre le chômage crée-t-elle encore plus de chômage ?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2013). Cercle vicieux : La lutte à la française contre le chômage crée-t-elle encore plus de chômage ? <i>Atlantico</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Chômage"
            1 => "Effets pervers"
            2 => "Mesures structurelles"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article examine l’impact possible des mesures structurelles contre le chômage. Il fait ressortir certains effets pervers de ces mesures dans le cas français. Il ouvre enfin quelques pistes de réforme."
            "en" => "This article discusses the possible impact of structural policies to fight unemployment. Its shows the unintended consequences of some of these policies. Finally, it presents some proposal for reform."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      41 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6262
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8728"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8728"
          "slug" => "chiffres-calamiteux-dans-le-batiment-le-symptome-dune-economie-francaise-qui-plonge"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-04"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "Chiffres calamiteux dans le bâtiment : le symptôme d’une économie française qui plonge"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2013). Chiffres calamiteux dans le bâtiment : le symptôme d’une économie française qui plonge. <i>Atlantico</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Bâtiment"
            1 => "Micro vs macro"
            2 => "Situation économique"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article discute l’idée selon laquelle « quand le bâtiment va tout va ». Il fait ressortir l’erreur méthodologique considérant que la situation économique générale peut être évaluée à partir de celle d’un secteur donné. Si à court terme il y a des liens entre la micro et la macro situation, il faut examiner l’ensemble de l’économie pour juger au fond et sur la durée. La situation de l’économie française n’est pas bonne à cause du bâtiment, même si cette dernière reflète le malaise général."
            "en" => "This articles discusses the saying « What’s good for GM is good for the country ». It criticizes the view that the general economic condition can be analyzed by focusing on only one sector. If there is of course a relationship between the micro and  macro condition, it is at the macro level that the general economic condition must be analyzed to obtain a deep and lasting diagnosis. The French economy is not in a bad shape because of what’s going on in the housing sector, even if this sector reflects the general weakness of the economy."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      42 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6263
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8729"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8729"
          "slug" => "chomage-la-france-proche-de-son-record-mais-la-situation-est-elle-la-meme-quen-1997"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-03"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "Chômage : la France proche de son record mais la situation est-elle la même qu’en 1997 ?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2013). Chômage : la France proche de son record mais la situation est-elle la même qu’en 1997 ? <i>Atlantico</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Chômage"
            1 => "Chômage des jeunes"
            2 => "Smic"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article compare le chômage en 1997 et 2013. Il évalue les similitudes et les différences de situation entre les deux périodes pour expliquer les causes du même taux de chômage, notamment celui des jeunes."
            "en" => "This article compares the unemployment situation in 1997 and in 2013. It analyses the similarities and the differences in the economic situation between the two periods so as to explain the same unemployment rate, especially youth unemployment in France."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      43 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6264
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8764"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8764"
          "slug" => "des-armes-contre-la-pauvrete"
          "yearMonth" => "2001-05"
          "year" => "2001"
          "title" => "Des armes contre la pauvreté"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2001). Des armes contre la pauvreté. <i>Les Echos</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Propositions de mesures pour lutter contre la pauvreté. Un état des lieux aux Etats-Unis et en France. Discussion des mesures pour inciter au travail et pour assurer un revenu minimum garanti."
            "en" => "Proposition to conduct the war against poverty. The situation in the USA and in France. An analysis of the measures to establish work incentives and to insure a minimum income."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      44 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6265
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8785"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8785"
          "slug" => "dosage"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-01"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "Dosage"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1998). Dosage. <i>Euro Mag</i>, pp. 1."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "1"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Comment, avec l'euro, concilier une politique monétaire "européanisée" avec des politiques budgétaires demeurées nationales ? Comment respecter la nécessaire subsidiarité tout en assurant le bon policy-mix ?"
            "en" => "With the euro, how to rationalise a single european monetary policy with different national budgetary policies? How to respect the "subsidiary principle" while following the right policy mix?"
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      45 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6266
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4551"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4551"
          "slug" => "efficiency-and-equity-in-transitional-economies-a-labor-market-analysis"
          "yearMonth" => "1996-05"
          "year" => "1996"
          "title" => "Efficiency and Equity in Transitional Economies: A Labor Market Analysis"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1996). Efficiency and Equity in Transitional Economies: A Labor Market Analysis. Dans: <i>Competitiveness in International Business and Trade</i>. Tamiu Press, pp. 989-1003."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Competitiveness in International Business and Trade"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 12:37:18"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "989-1003"
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Dans cette communication, nous utilisons une simulation numérique pour étudier l'impact du salaire minimum et de l'indemnité de chômage sur le marché du travail des économies en transition. Ces politiques sont évaluées en tenant compte de l'évolution de l'emploi total et de la distribution des revenus de trois catégories d'agents : chômeurs, employés dans le secteur des grandes entreprises et employés dans le secteur des petites entreprises privées."
            "en" => "This paper analyses the impact of labor market institutions on efficiency and equity in transitional economies. The analysis is based on a two-sector model of these economies. After proper calibration, the model is solved for the unemployment rate, the tax rate, the employment and wages in each sector. Small changes in the policy variables are then operated and the results are compared to the benchmark situation."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      46 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6267
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4581"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4581"
          "slug" => "euroland-versus-usa-a-theoretical-framework-for-monetary-strategies"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-05"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "Euroland Versus USA: A Theoretical Framework for Monetary Strategies"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2000). Euroland Versus USA: A Theoretical Framework for Monetary Strategies. Dans: <i>Globalization in the 21st Century</i>. International Trade and Finance Association (ITFA), pp. 249-261."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Globalization in the 21st Century"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "249-261"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier les stratégies monétaires possibles des Etats-Unis et de l'Europe, notamment en fonction du taux de change euro/dollar. On le fait à partir d'un modèle de jeux à horizons fini et infini. Dans le premier cas (horizon fini), l'optimum de Pareto n'est atteint que si les deux joueurs sont d'accord pour ne pas chercher à tromper leurs anticipations respectives. Dans le deuxième cas (horizon infini), l'intérêt des joueurs est d'envoyer un signal clair et fort à l'autre quant à sa stratégie propre. L'analyse débouche sur des propositions de stratégie optimale de la BCE par rapport à la Fed."
            "en" => "The aim of this article is to study the various possible strategies of both American and European monetary policy makers, especially with respect to the euro-dollar exchange rate. For that, we use a game theoretical approach, first with a finite horizon, second, with an infinite one. First, in the finite horizon case, an optimal Pareto solution can only be attained if both players mutually agree not to disrup each other's expectations on the exchange rate. Secondly, in the infinite horizon situation, it is in the interest of each player to address a clear and strong signal to the other about its own strategy. This result leads to some propositions as to the optimal of the European Central Bank with respect to the Federal reserve system."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      47 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6268
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4614"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4614"
          "slug" => "firm-restructuring-unemployment-and-sectoral-employment-in-transitional-economies"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-01"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "Firm Restructuring, Unemployment and Sectoral Employment in Transitional Economies"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1995). Firm Restructuring, Unemployment and Sectoral Employment in Transitional Economies. Dans: <i>International Business in the 21st Century</i>. Texas A&M International University Press, pp. 931-944."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "International Business in the 21st Century"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "931-944"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article propose une analyse théorique de l'impact de la restructuration de la gestion des entreprises sur l'emploi et le chômage dans les économies en transition. Le modèle distingue entre "secteur d'état" et deux sous-secteurs du "secteur privé". Des conclusions de politique économique en découlent."
            "en" => "A theoretical analysis of firm restructuring on employment and unemployment in transitional economies. The model is built via a "state sector" and two sub-sectors for the "private sector". Policy conclusions are drawn."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      48 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6269
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4615"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4615"
          "slug" => "firms-and-the-environment-in-the-global-economy-conceptual-background-and-policies"
          "yearMonth" => "2005-01"
          "year" => "2005"
          "title" => "Firms and the Environment in the Global Economy: Conceptual Background and Policies"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2005). Firms and the Environment in the Global Economy: Conceptual Background and Policies. Dans: <i>International Trade and Finance Association 15th International Conference</i>. Berkeley:  International Trade and Finance Association (ITFA)."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "International Trade and Finance Association 15th International Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Après avoir étudié la signification de la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise, et le débat entre économistes et philosophes moraux à ce sujet, cet article montre en quoi leur perception respective du comportement humain est au coeur de ce débat. Il analyse les malentendus entre économistes et écologistes relatifs aux analyses coûts-bénéfices et relatifs au rôle du marché comparé à celui de l'Etat en ces matières. Les fondements débouchent sur une évaluation des principales politiques environnementales et de leur impact sur le comportement des entreprises."
            "en" => "After studying the meaning of the so-called social responsibility of the firm, and the on-going debate between economists and moral philosophers that follows, this article shows that their respective perception of man is at the heart of the dispute. The article analyses the misunderstandings occurring between economists and environmentalists with respect to cost-benefit analyses and, more generally, with respect to the role of the market and government in dealing with the subject matter. Based on this analysis it is possible to investigate and evaluate the main types of environmental policies, be they market-based or not, and their impact on firms'behaviour."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      49 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6270
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4617"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4617"
          "slug" => "fiscal-coordination-in-the-emu-a-theoretical-and-policy-perspective"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-05"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "Fiscal Coordination in the EMU: A Theoretical and Policy Perspective"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1998). Fiscal Coordination in the EMU: A Theoretical and Policy Perspective. Dans: <i>The Global Economy at the Turn of the Century</i>.  pp. 363-380."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "The Global Economy at the Turn of the Century"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "363-380"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article étudie le problème de la coordination fiscale dans la future Union Monétaire Européenne. Des politiques fiscales non coordonnées pourraient conduire à des déficits budgétaires excessifs par rapport à une situation où un organisme supranational choisit de manière optimale les dépenses publiques. Un mécanisme type "Pacte de Stabilité" s'avère alors un outil efficace et pragmatique pour améliorer la gestion budgétaire."
            "en" => "This paper provides an analysis of the controversial issue of fiscal coordination in the future European Monetary Union, from both a theoretical and policy point of view. It is argued that fiscal coordination is efficient, in particular if governments care about deficits. Authentic coordination would be carried on by a federal government managing a centralized budget. Alternatively, a coordination-like outcome may be achieved by establishing correct deficit targets to sovereign governments. The pragmatic solution when the economic structure of the European Union is not well known consists in assessing upper and lower bounds for deficits. The model emphasizes the positive role of the Stability and Growth Pact."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      50 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6271
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4618"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4618"
          "slug" => "fiscal-policies-rules-in-a-monetary-union-incentives-and-moral-hazard"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Fiscal Policies Rules in a Monetary Union: Incentives and Moral Hazard"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2004). Fiscal Policies Rules in a Monetary Union: Incentives and Moral Hazard. Dans: <i>Proceedings of the IT&FA 15th International Conference</i>. Berkeley Electronic Press."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Proceedings of the IT&FA 15th International Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 13:06:39"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Site internet. Cet article examine l'efficacité de règles fiscales telles que celles du Pacte de Stabilité et de Croissance en Europe, et compare les différentes règles possibles. L'analyse précise où et comment les règles fiscales devraient être appliquées. Le modèle démontre que les règles ne sont pas obligatoirement utiles dans la mesure où les gouvernements ajustent leurs politiques en fonction de ces règles. Une règle composite est alors proposée pour satisfaire aux objectifs recherchés."
            "en" => "This paper addresses the question of the efficiency of a fiscal policy rule such as the Stability and Growth Pact of Europe, and compares the latter to alternative rules. The analysis sheds light on where and how fiscal rules should be applied. The model shows that rules may not be useful insofar as governements adjust their behavior to the new rules. A key composite fiscal rule is therefore the effective enforcement of the penalties associated."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      51 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6272
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4619"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4619"
          "slug" => "fiscal-policy-in-the-european-monetary-union-an-analytical-framework"
          "yearMonth" => "2002-06"
          "year" => "2002"
          "title" => "Fiscal Policy in the European Monetary Union: An Analytical Framework"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2002). Fiscal Policy in the European Monetary Union: An Analytical Framework. Dans: <i>Proceedings of the International Trade and Finance Association-International Business at the Turn of the Century</i>. International Trade and Finance Association (ITFA), pp. 139-156."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Proceedings of the International Trade and Finance Association-International Business at the Turn of the Century"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "139-156"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Un bon "policy-mix" est indispensable à la stabilisation économique. Le problème est encore plus complexe dans l'UEM. Comment traiter le risque de passager clandesting ? Comment coordonner les politiques budgétaires ? Cet article examine les conditions d'efficacité des règles de coordination, qu'elles soient strictes ou flexibles. Le premier cas est analysé via un jeu à information symétrique, le second via un jeu asymétrique. Des implications de politique économique en sont tirées."
            "en" => "A good policy-mix is a prerequisite for economic stabilization. The problem is even more complex in the EMU. How to deal with free-riding behavior? How to coordinate fiscal policy? This paper analyses the efficiency conditionis of coordination rules, from strict to flexible rules. The first case is modeled within a symmetric information game, the second one within an asymmetric information situation. Policy implications are drawled."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      52 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6273
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4928"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4928"
          "slug" => "optimal-inflation-rates-in-transitional-economies"
          "yearMonth" => "1996-01"
          "year" => "1996"
          "title" => "'Optimal' Inflation Rates in Transitional Economies"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1996). 'Optimal' Inflation Rates in Transitional Economies. Dans: <i>1996 Contemporary Working Paper</i>. International Trade and Finance Association (ITFA), pp. 189-204."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "1996 Contemporary Working Paper"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "189-204"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Notre modèle montre qu'avec des anticipations adaptatives l'inflation peut conduire à un niveau d'emploi supérieur au niveau structurel via un processus de négociations entre les employés et les propriétaires des entreprises. Le gouvernement peut alors rechercher un taux d'inflation 'optimal'. Lorsque les anticipations sont rationnelles, il existe toujours un taux optimal qui est d'autant plus faible que la réforme des entreprises et les privatisations sont avancées."
            "en" => "In the context of sluggish price expectations we show that inflation in transitional economies can push employment over its structural level that is determined by a bargaining process between workers and firm owners. The government can then seek an "optimal" inflation rate. When rational expectations are formed, governments may still seek an 'optimal' inflation rate which is lower according to the speed of company reforms and privatization."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      53 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6274
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5123"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5123"
          "slug" => "the-economics-of-climate-change"
          "yearMonth" => "2017-06"
          "year" => "2017"
          "title" => "The Economics of Climate Change"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2017). The Economics of Climate Change. Dans: <i>27th International Conference, International Trade and Finance Association</i>. International Trade and Finance Association (ITFA)."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "27th International Conference, International Trade and Finance Association"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      54 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6275
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5254"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5254"
          "slug" => "discussant-de-banks-and-corporate-control-in-japan"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-06"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => ""Discussant" de "Banks and Corporate Control in Japan""
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A., MORCK, R. et NAKAMURA, M. (1992). "Discussant" de "Banks and Corporate Control in Japan"."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "MORCK R."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "NAKAMURA M."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      55 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6276
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5543"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5543"
          "slug" => "central-bank-losses-and-monetary-policy-rules-a-dsge-investigat"
          "yearMonth" => "2019-03"
          "year" => "2019"
          "title" => "Central Bank Losses and Monetary Policy Rules: a DSGE Investigat"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2019). Central Bank Losses and Monetary Policy Rules: a DSGE Investigat. Dans: 15th Western Economic Association International (WEAI) International Conference."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "15th Western Economic Association International (WEAI) International Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      56 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6277
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5580"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5580"
          "slug" => "comment-faire-de-paris-une-des-premieres-places-financieres-internationales"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-12"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "Comment faire de Paris une des premières places financières internationales"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). Comment faire de Paris une des premières places financières internationales."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      57 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6278
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5589"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5589"
          "slug" => "comment-restaurer-lemploi-en-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-03"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Comment restaurer l'emploi en Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). Comment restaurer l'emploi en Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Des propositions pour améliorer la création d'emploi en Europe. Les mesures sont proposées tant au niveau des institutions européennes qu'au niveau de chaque Etat."
            "en" => "Some proposals to improve the employment situation in Europe. Measures are proposed at the European as well as at the nation state level."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      58 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6279
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5622"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5622"
          "slug" => "conjoncture-economique-au-second-semestre-1994"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-11"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Conjoncture économique au second semestre 1994"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). Conjoncture économique au second semestre 1994."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cette communication examine la situation économique française actuelle et à venir et formule des propositions sur les problèmes de fond."
            "en" => "This communication analyses the current and future French economic situation and formulates proposals concerning  the main problems."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      59 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6280
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5827"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5827"
          "slug" => "economic-efficiency-and-the-european-tax-system"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-04"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "Economic Efficiency and the European Tax System"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1992). Economic Efficiency and the European Tax System."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      60 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6281
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5851"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5851"
          "slug" => "emu-economic-policies-some-long-run-proposals-for-reform"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-09"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "EMU Economic Policies: Some Long-run Proposals for Reform"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2004). EMU Economic Policies: Some Long-run Proposals for Reform. Dans: European Ideas Network. Berlin."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "European Ideas Network"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-08 17:18:01"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      61 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6282
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5870"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5870"
          "slug" => "enlargement-of-the-european-union-a-united-europe-looking-outwards"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-11"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "Enlargement of the European Union: A United Europe Looking Outwards"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2000). Enlargement of the European Union: A United Europe Looking Outwards."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      62 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6283
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5906"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5906"
          "slug" => "european-tax-harmonization-and-economic-optimality"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-11"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "European Tax Harmonization and Economic Optimality"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1992). European Tax Harmonization and Economic Optimality."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      63 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6284
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5983"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5983"
          "slug" => "fiscal-policy-and-the-euroland-do-we-need-to-handcuff-the-policymarkets"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-10"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "Fiscal Policy and the Euroland: Do we Need to Handcuff the Policymarkets?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2000). Fiscal Policy and the Euroland: Do we Need to Handcuff the Policymarkets? Dans: 50th International Atlantic Economic Conference. Charleston."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "50th International Atlantic Economic Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      64 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6285
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5984"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5984"
          "slug" => "fiscal-policy-in-the-european-monetary-union-an-analytical-framework"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-06"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "Fiscal Policy in the European Monetary Union: An Analytical Framework"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2000). Fiscal Policy in the European Monetary Union: An Analytical Framework. Dans: International Trade and Finance Association, 10th International Conference. Montpellier."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "International Trade and Finance Association, 10th International Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
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          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      65 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6286
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6278"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6278"
          "slug" => "la-cohesion-economique-et-sociale-dans-la-communaute-europeenne"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-01"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "La cohésion économique et sociale dans la communauté européenne"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). La cohésion économique et sociale dans la communauté européenne."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
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            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
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          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      66 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6287
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6286"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6286"
          "slug" => "la-convertibilite-du-rouble"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-06"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "La convertibilité du rouble"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1991). La convertibilité du rouble."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      67 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6288
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6292"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6292"
          "slug" => "la-crise-monetaire-en-europe-comment-en-sortir"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-09"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "La crise monétaire en Europe : comment en sortir"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). La crise monétaire en Europe : comment en sortir."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Propositions pour lutter contre la crise monétaire."
            "en" => "Proposals against the monetary crisis."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      68 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6289
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6307"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6307"
          "slug" => "la-france-et-la-construction-du-grand-marche"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-04"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "La France et la construction du Grand Marché"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). La France et la construction du Grand Marché."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      69 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6290
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6314"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6314"
          "slug" => "la-liberalisation-des-mouvements-de-capitaux-en-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-10"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "La libéralisation des mouvements de capitaux en Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). La libéralisation des mouvements de capitaux en Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      70 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6291
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6321"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6321"
          "slug" => "la-mise-en-place-de-la-phase-2-de-luem"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-11"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "La mise en place de la phase 2 de l'UEM"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). La mise en place de la phase 2 de l'UEM."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les mesures d'accompagnement de la Phase 2 de l'UEM."
            "en" => "Secondary legislation on EMU."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      71 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6292
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6323"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6323"
          "slug" => "la-mondialisation-la-technologie-et-lemploi"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-09"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "La mondialisation, la technologie et l'emploi"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1997). La mondialisation, la technologie et l'emploi."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'impact respectif de la mondialisation et de la technologie sur la structure de l'emploi, notamment sur l'emploi des moins qualifiés."
            "en" => "The impact of the globalisation process and of technology on the structure of labor, and especially on the demand for less qualified labor."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      72 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6293
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6329"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6329"
          "slug" => "la-politique-de-concurrence-en-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-11"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "La politique de concurrence en Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). La politique de concurrence en Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      73 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6294
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6346"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6346"
          "slug" => "la-supervision-bancaire-et-la-stabilite-monetaire-en-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-05"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "La supervision bancaire et la stabilité monétaire en Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). La supervision bancaire et la stabilité monétaire en Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Comment mettre en place un système de supervision bancaire en Europe. Moyens et méthodes pour cet objectif et assurer la stabilité monétaire européenne."
            "en" => "How to establish a system of banking supervision in Europe. Ways and means for this purpose while ensuring monetary stability."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      74 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6295
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6378"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6378"
          "slug" => "le-bilan-economique-et-social-de-la-france"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-06"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "Le bilan économique et social de la France"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). Le bilan économique et social de la France."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      75 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6296
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6400"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6400"
          "slug" => "le-grand-marche-et-leurope-de-1992"
          "yearMonth" => "1988-05"
          "year" => "1988"
          "title" => "Le grand marché et l'Europe de 1992"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1988). Le grand marché et l'Europe de 1992."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      76 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6297
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6402"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6402"
          "slug" => "le-lobbying-europeen-comment-ou-aupres-de-qui"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-06"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Le lobbying européen : comment ? où ? auprès de qui ?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1994). Le lobbying européen : comment ? où ? auprès de qui ?"
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les institutions européennes et le lobbying, comment s'y prendre, où agir, avec qui de sorte à optimiser les résultats."
            "en" => "European institutions and European lobbying. How, where, and with whom to act in order to obtain the best results."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      77 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6298
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6418"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6418"
          "slug" => "le-plan-clinton-evaluation-et-perspectives"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-04"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "Le plan Clinton : évaluation et perspectives"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). Le plan Clinton : évaluation et perspectives."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Analyse du plan économique de l'Administration Clinton."
            "en" => "Economic analysis of the Clinton program."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      78 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6299
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6421"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6421"
          "slug" => "le-probleme-de-la-fiscalite-pour-le-tunnel-sous-la-manche"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-12"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "Le problème de la fiscalité pour le tunnel sous la Manche"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). Le problème de la fiscalité pour le tunnel sous la Manche."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      79 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6300
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6425"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6425"
          "slug" => "le-rapprochement-fiscal-en-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-04"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "Le rapprochement fiscal en Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). Le rapprochement fiscal en Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      80 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6301
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6433"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6433"
          "slug" => "le-sommet-europeen-de-copenhague-satisfactions-frustrations-et-espoirs"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-06"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "Le Sommet européen de Copenhague : satisfactions, frustrations et espoirs"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). Le Sommet européen de Copenhague : satisfactions, frustrations et espoirs."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Examen des propositions du Sommet Européen."
            "en" => "Comments on the European Summit."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      81 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6302
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6457"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6457"
          "slug" => "leconomie-de-la-grande-bretagne-contemporaine"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-01"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "L'économie de la Grande-Bretagne contemporaine"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). L'économie de la Grande-Bretagne contemporaine."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Analyse de la situation économique de la Grande Bretagne."
            "en" => "Economic analysis of the United Kingdom."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      82 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6303
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6459"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6459"
          "slug" => "leconomie-francaise-et-le-grand-marche"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-06"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "L'économie française et le Grand Marché"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). L'économie française et le Grand Marché."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      83 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6304
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6465"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6465"
          "slug" => "lelargissement-de-leurope-et-ses-implications-economiques"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-06"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "L'élargissement de l'Europe et ses implications économiques"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2000). L'élargissement de l'Europe et ses implications économiques."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      84 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6305
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6466"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6466"
          "slug" => "lemploi-la-productivite-et-la-croissance-en-europe"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-10"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "L'emploi, la productivité et la croissance en Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). L'emploi, la productivité et la croissance en Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Propositions pour l'emploi et la croissance."
            "en" => "Proposals about employment and growth."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      85 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6306
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6475"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6475"
          "slug" => "les-consequences-economiques-du-marche-unique"
          "yearMonth" => "1988-01"
          "year" => "1988"
          "title" => "Les conséquences économiques du marché unique"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1988). Les conséquences économiques du marché unique."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      86 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6307
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6511"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6511"
          "slug" => "les-pme-pmi-et-leurope"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-02"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Les PME-PMI et l'Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1990). Les PME-PMI et l'Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      87 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6308
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6516"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6516"
          "slug" => "les-relations-economiques-et-commerciales-entre-la-communaute-et-la-turquie"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-03"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "Les relations économiques et commerciales entre la Communauté et la Turquie"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). Les relations économiques et commerciales entre la Communauté et la Turquie."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      88 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6309
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6523"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6523"
          "slug" => "leuro-la-coordination-des-politiques-budgetaires-la-fiscalite-europeenne-les-questions-internationales"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-01"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "L'Euro, la Coordination des Politiques Budgétaires, la Fiscalité Européenne, les Questions Internationales."
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1997). L'Euro, la Coordination des Politiques Budgétaires, la Fiscalité Européenne, les Questions Internationales."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Analyses relatives à la mise en place de l'Euro et à ses conséquences sur l'économie."
            "en" => "Analyses about the establishment of the Euro and its consequences on the economy."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      89 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6310
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6555"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6555"
          "slug" => "lintegration-economique-et-monetaire-de-leurope"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-01"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "L'intégration économique et monétaire de l'Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). L'intégration économique et monétaire de l'Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      90 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6311
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6586"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6586"
          "slug" => "lunion-economique-et-monetaire-de-leurope"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-04"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "L'union économique et monétaire de l'Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). L'union économique et monétaire de l'Europe."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      91 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6312
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6587"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6587"
          "slug" => "lunion-economique-et-monetaire-de-leurope-de-la-theorie-a-la-pratique"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-04"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "L'union économique et monétaire de l'Europe : de la théorie à la pratique"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1992). L'union économique et monétaire de l'Europe : de la théorie à la pratique."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      92 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6313
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1602"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1602"
          "slug" => "lalternance-source-de-conflits-sociaux"
          "yearMonth" => "1986-04"
          "year" => "1986"
          "title" => "L'alternance source de conflits sociaux ?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1986). L'alternance source de conflits sociaux ? <i>Ressources Humaines</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:28"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      93 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6314
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1625"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1625"
          "slug" => "le-pret-a-penser-ecolo-a-tendance-a-ne-regarder-que-le-bout-de-sa-brindille"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-07"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Le "prêt à penser" écolo a tendance à ne regarder que le bout de sa brindille"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2004). Le "prêt à penser" écolo a tendance à ne regarder que le bout de sa brindille. <i>Témoignage Chrétien</i>, pp. 18-19."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:29"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "18-19"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article propose une analyse économique de l'environnement. Il examine d'abord le bilan environnemental dans divers domaines (énergie et ressources naturelles, pollution de l'air et des eaux, effets de serre, etc.). Puis il évalue les grands principes des mesures susceptibles d'améliorer l'environnement de façon cohérente et "économique"."
            "en" => "This article proposes an economic analysis of our environment. It examines first the stade of our environment in different fields (energy and natural resources, pollution of air and water, green-house effect, etc.). Then, it presents the main principles that should be respected in order to treat the environmental question in a rational and "economic" way."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      94 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6315
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1708"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1708"
          "slug" => "le-protocope-de-kyoto-relance-ou-enlisement-commentaires"
          "yearMonth" => "2003-08"
          "year" => "2003"
          "title" => "Le protocope de Kyoto, relance ou enlisement ? Commentaires"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2003). Le protocope de Kyoto, relance ou enlisement ? Commentaires. <i>Revue d'économie politique</i>, pp. 477-484."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "477-484"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article étudie le problème de la lutte contre l'effet de serre dans un cadre d'analyse économique général. Il évalue les objectifs de lutte contre le réchauffement, puis les moyens techniques d'action et enfin les stratégies internationales envisageables."
            "en" => "This article studies the greehouse effect within the framework of an economic analysis. It evaluates the objectives of the fight against possible temperature increases, the means of action, and the different international strategies that may be followed."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      95 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6316
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1712"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1712"
          "slug" => "le-retour-des-vieux-demons"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-03"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "Le retour des vieux démons"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1993). Le retour des vieux démons. <i>Le Monde</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse dans quelle mesure une relance et une baisse des taux d'intérêt règleraient le problème du chômage, en France."
            "en" => "An analysis of interest rate and monetary policy in France."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      96 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6317
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1753"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1753"
          "slug" => "leconomia-dell-effetto-serra"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "L'economia dell' effetto serra"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2004). L'economia dell' effetto serra. <i>Biblioteca della Libertà</i>, pp. 79-88."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "79-88"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse l'ensemble des aspects économiques liés à l'effet de serre. Après un rappel des scénarios de hausse des températures et ses causes possibles, il étudie les conséquences et les coûts économiques et sociaux envisageables. Puis il analyse les coûts de la lutte contre le réchauffement ainsi que les moyens pour ce faire.  Sont notamment étudiées les mesures du Protocole de Kyoto ainsi que leur coût. Il développe enfin les propositions en termes d'économie politique quant à la stratégie à suivre pour intégrer les Etats-Unis et les pays en développement dans le processus."
            "en" => "This article analyses the economic side of the greenhouse effect. After reviewing the various scenarios about the possible temperature increases and their causes, it studies the social and economic consequences that could result. Then it analyses the cost of the fight against the world warming as well as the means to do so. It studies the Kyoto Protocol and its costs. Finally, it conducts a political economy analysis of the strategies to integrate the US and underdeveloped countries into the process."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      97 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6318
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1891"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1891"
          "slug" => "les-vraies-consequences-du-grand-marche-europeen-pour-lentreprise-francaise"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-09"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Les vraies conséquences du grand marché européen pour l'entreprise française"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1990). Les vraies conséquences du grand marché européen pour l'entreprise française. <i>Revue Française de Gestion</i>, pp. 53-58."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "53-58"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      98 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6319
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1897"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1897"
          "slug" => "leuro-e-la-politica-di-bilancio"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-09"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "L'euro e la politica di bilancio"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1998). L'euro e la politica di bilancio. <i>Biblioteca della Libertà</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse la politique budgétaire au plan européen et les implications qui résulteraient de la coordination de ces politiques entre les Etats de la zone euro. Il analyse aussi les conséquences d'un mouvement vers un fédéralisme."
            "en" => "This article analyses final policy at the European level as well as what would imply a coordination of these policies within the Euroland. It also analyses the possible consequences of fiscal federalism in Europe."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      99 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6320
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1902"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1902"
          "slug" => "leurope-selon-maggie"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-01"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "L'Europe selon Maggie"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). L'Europe selon Maggie. <i>Le Nouvel Economiste</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      100 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6321
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1925"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1925"
          "slug" => "lharmonisation-fiscale-et-leuro"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-12"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "L'harmonisation fiscale et l'euro"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1998). L'harmonisation fiscale et l'euro. <i>Les Petites Affiches</i>, pp. 28-29."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:38"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "28-29"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les implications en matière d'harmonisation fiscale européenne de la mise en place de l'euro. Analyse pour ce qui concerne la fiscalité directe, la fiscalité des entreprises et la fiscalité de l'épargne. Où l'on en est et où l'on pourrait aller."
            "en" => "Implication of the euro in terms of tax harmonization in Europe. An analysis of direct taxation, business taxation and saving taxation. Where are we standing and where could we be heading for."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      101 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6322
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1979"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1979"
          "slug" => "luem-e-urgente-ed-e-fattibile"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-09"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "L'UEM è urgente, ed è fattibile"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1995). L'UEM è urgente, ed è fattibile. <i>Biblioteca della Libertà</i>, pp. 97-104."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "97-104"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Après une analyse en termes de "public choice" de la construction européenne, l'article développe une stratégie pour construire l'Union Economique et Monétaire de l'Europe. Le succès de cette stratégie dépend crucialement de la crédibilité qui pourra être accordée à la Banque centrale européenne"
            "en" => "After a Public Choice analysis of the building of the European Union, this article presents a strategy for Economic and Monetary Union in Europe. The success of this strategy depends to a large extent on the credibility of the European Central Bank."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      102 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6323
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1981"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1981"
          "slug" => "lunion-monetaire-de-leurope-fondements-theoriques-problemes-et-propositions"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-01"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "L'union monétaire de l'Europe : fondements théoriques, problèmes et propositions"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1991). L'union monétaire de l'Europe : fondements théoriques, problèmes et propositions. <i>Revue d'économie politique</i>, pp. 127-150."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "127-150"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      103 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6324
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2080"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2080"
          "slug" => "money-and-monetary-policy-in-the-eurozone-an-empirical-analysis-during-crises"
          "yearMonth" => "2017-04"
          "year" => "2017"
          "title" => "Money and Monetary Policy in the Eurozone: An Empirical Analysis During Crises"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2017). Money and Monetary Policy in the Eurozone: An Empirical Analysis During Crises. <i>Macroeconomic Dynamics</i>, 21(3), pp. 677-707."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Crises"
            1 => "Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium"
            2 => "Monnaie"
            3 => "Politique monétaire"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2023-02-24 15:18:58"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/macroeconomic-dynamics/article/money-and-monetary-policy-in-the-eurozone-an-empirical-analysis-during-crises/324EDD16C647E5562AB8B6C1A71010A1"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "677-707"
            "volume" => "21"
            "number" => "3"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse le rôle de la politique monétaire et de la monnaie, ainsi que les capacités prédictives d’un modèle d’équilibre général dynamique et stochastique selon qu’il y a ou non séparabilité entre monnaie et consommation. L’étude est conduite durant trois périodes de crise dans la zone Euro : la crise du SME, la crise dot.com et la grande crise financière. Les résultats de tests économétriques Bayésiens montrent que pendant ces crises le modèle fondé sur la non-séparabilité conduit à de meilleures prévisions hors échantillon de la production que le modèle de base."
            "en" => "This paper analyzes the role of money and monetary policy as well as the forecasting performance of New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with and without separability between consumption and money. The study is conducted over three crisis periods in the Eurozone, namely, the ERM crisis, the dot-com crisis, and the global financial crisis (GFC). The results of successive Bayesian estimations demonstrate that during these crises, the non separable model generally provides better out-of-sample output forecasts than the baseline model."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      104 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6325
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2081"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2081"
          "slug" => "money-and-risk-in-a-dsge-framework-a-bayesian-application-to-the-eurozone"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-03"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "Money and Risk in a DSGE Framework: A Bayesian Application to the Eurozone"
          "description" => "BENCHIMOL, J. et FOURÇANS, A. (2012). Money and Risk in a DSGE Framework: A Bayesian Application to the Eurozone. <i>Journal of Macroeconomics</i>, 34(1), pp. 95-111."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENCHIMOL J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Estimation bayésienne"
            1 => "Modèle DSGE"
            2 => "Monnaie"
            3 => "Zone euro"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-02-02 16:16:18"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0164070411000802"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "95-111"
            "volume" => "34"
            "number" => "1"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article développe et teste un modèle de la zone euro analysant tout spécialement le rôle de la monnaie et du risque dans la dynamique économique. Le modèle s’inscrit dans le cadre Nouveau Keynésien-DSGE, la monnaie étant introduite dans la fonction d’utilité de façon non-séparable. La monnaie entre aussi dans la règle de Taylor de la BCE. En utilisant des méthodes d’estimations Bayésiennes, notre modèle permet d’éclairer les déterminants de la dynamique de la production, de l’inflation, de la monnaie et des taux d’intérêt. Le rôle de la monnaie est analysé plus en détail. Son impact sur la production dépend du degré de l’aversion au risque des ménages. Lorsque ce degré atteint un niveau suffisant, la monnaie exerce un impact significatif sur les fluctuations économiques."
            "en" => "We present and test a model of the Eurozone, with a special emphasis on the role of risk aversion and money. The model follows the New Keynesian DSGE framework, money being introduced in the utility function with a non-separability assumption. Money is also introduced in the Taylor rule. By using Bayesian estimation techniques, we shed light on the determinants of output, inflation, money, interest rate, flexible-price output, and flexible-price real money balance dynamics. The role of money is investigated further. Its impact on output depends on the degree of risk aversion. A high enough level of risk aversion would imply that money had significant quantitative effects on business cycle fluctuations."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      105 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6326
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2134"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2134"
          "slug" => "one-currency-for-europe-from-theory-to-practice"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-05"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "One Currency for Europe: From Theory to Practice"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1992). One Currency for Europe: From Theory to Practice. <i>European Research</i>, pp. 1-5."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 09:25:50"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "1-5"
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Examen des avantages et inconvénients de la monnaie unique et des systèmes alternatifs. Stratégie pour la construction de l'Union Economique et Monétaire de l'Europe."
            "en" => "The study of pros and cons of a common currency, as well as those of alternative systems. What strategy for  the European Monetary Union ?"
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      106 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6327
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2190"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2190"
          "slug" => "paris-la-grande-place-financiere-internationale-de-demain"
          "yearMonth" => "1987-05"
          "year" => "1987"
          "title" => "Paris : la grande place financière internationale de demain ?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A., HUBERT, V. et PENE, D. (1987). Paris : la grande place financière internationale de demain ? <i>Banque</i>, pp. 438-443."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "HUBERT V."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "PENE D."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-08 17:10:17"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "438-443"
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      107 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6328
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2347"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2347"
          "slug" => "quelles-chances-pour-la-nouvelle-nep-a-lest"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-12"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "Quelles chances pour la "Nouvelle NEP" à l'Est"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1989). Quelles chances pour la "Nouvelle NEP" à l'Est. <i>Le Nouvel Economiste</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      108 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6329
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2369"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2369"
          "slug" => "rapports-du-parlement-europeen"
          "yearMonth" => "1988-05"
          "year" => "1988"
          "title" => "Rapports du Parlement Européen"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1988). Rapports du Parlement Européen. <i>Journal Officiel des Communautés Européennes</i>."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:51"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      109 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6330
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2508"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2508"
          "slug" => "stability-and-growth-pact-ii-incentives-and-moral-hazard"
          "yearMonth" => "2007-03"
          "year" => "2007"
          "title" => "Stability and Growth Pact II: Incentives and Moral Hazard"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2007). Stability and Growth Pact II: Incentives and Moral Hazard. <i>Journal of Economic Policy Reform</i>, pp. 51-62."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:1 [
            0 => "Pacte de stabilité et de croissance"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-04 01:00:36"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "51-62"
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Le Pacte de Stabilité et de Croissance a été modifié le 20 mars 2005. Dans cette nouvelle version l'aspect "prévention" est renforcé mais l'aspect "dissuasion" est lui davantage relâché. Le modèle de théorie des jeux avec hasard moral que nous développons implique que les pays auront davantage tendance à jouer du hasard moral, et donc à être moins enclin à respecter le Pacte."
            "en" => "The European Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) was amended on 20 March 2005. In the new institutional design, the preventive part is tighter, but the dissuasive part is laxer. Using a game theoretical approach with moral hazard, we find that the new design does not prevent countries from engaging in moral hazard behaviours and countries will thus be less inclined to abide by the SGP."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      110 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6331
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2573"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2573"
          "slug" => "tax-competition-and-information-sharing-in-europe-a-signaling-game"
          "yearMonth" => "2010-02"
          "year" => "2010"
          "title" => "Tax Competition and Information Sharing in Europe: A Signaling Game"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et WARIN, T. (2010). Tax Competition and Information Sharing in Europe: A Signaling Game. <i>International Journal of Economics and Business Research</i>, 2(1), pp. 76-86."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WARIN T."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Fiscalité"
            1 => "Harmonisation"
            2 => "Théorie des jeux"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:56"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "76-86"
            "volume" => "2"
            "number" => "1"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Une analyse qui s?écarte de l?approche traditionnelle en matière d?harmonisation fiscale. Le modèle de théorie des jeux avec signal montre que cette possibilité de signal peut déboucher sur un système stable et non pas sur « le moins disant fiscal » généralement considéré."
            "en" => "A challenging view to tax harmonisation though a game theoretical model with signalling. Contrary to the traditional view, signalling leads to stability rather than a "race to the bottom"."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      111 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6332
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2612"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2612"
          "slug" => "the-coordination-of-fiscal-and-taxation-policy-in-the-monetary-union"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-05"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "The Coordination of Fiscal and Taxation Policy in the Monetary Union"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1997). The Coordination of Fiscal and Taxation Policy in the Monetary Union. <i>Journal Officiel des Communautés Européennes</i>, pp. 3-14."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:58"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "3-14"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Une analyse du  type "Economic Policy Analysis" du problème de la coordination des politiques budgétaires et fiscales une fois l'Euro mis en place. Des propositions sur les politiques économiques et les institutions pour les mener à bien."
            "en" => "An economic policy analysis of the coordination of fiscal and taxation policies necessary after the establishment of the Euro. Several  proposals concerning economic policies as well as the proper institutions to bring about these policies."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      112 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6333
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2630"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2630"
          "slug" => "the-ecb-interest-rate-rule-under-the-duisenberg-presidency"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "The ECB Interest Rate Rule Under the Duisenberg Presidency"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2004). The ECB Interest Rate Rule Under the Duisenberg Presidency. <i>European Journal of Political Economy</i>, pp. 579-595."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "579-595"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article propose plusieurs estimations empiriques de la règle monétaire de la Banque Centrale Européenne (BCE), fondées sur des données mensuelles sur la période de Janvier 1999 à Octobre 2003. La Banque semble réagir aux fluctuations de l'activité, du taux d'inflation et du taux de change."
            "en" => "This paper presents estimates of the European Central Bank (ECB)'s interest rate rule using monthly data for the period of the Willem F. Duisenberg presidency (from January 1999 to October 2003). Our results show that, like the US Federal Reserve, the ECB appears to be concerned with fluctuations in economic activity. It increases is short-term interest rate if inflation deviates from target, this reaction being stronger if based on future inflation and weaker if based on current inflation. The seemingly soft response to current inflation derives from a concern for exchange rate stability and may reflect the Bank's forecast of future inflation. The ECB also appears to smooth its interventions in the money market."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      113 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6334
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2631"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2631"
          "slug" => "the-ecb-monetary-policy-choices-and-challenges"
          "yearMonth" => "2007-01"
          "year" => "2007"
          "title" => "The ECB Monetary Policy: Choices and Challenges"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (2007). The ECB Monetary Policy: Choices and Challenges. <i>Journal of Policy Modeling</i>, pp. 181-194."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:7 [
            0 => "BCE"
            1 => "Euro"
            2 => "Monnaie"
            3 => "Politique monétaire "
            4 => "Règle de Taylor"
            5 => "Théorie monétaire"
            6 => "Zone euro"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "181-194"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse la politique monétaire de la BCE dans l'intervalle 1999-2006. Nous mettons en relief le comportement forward looking de la banque centrale et un objectif direct d'activité réelle dans sa fonction de réaction. Des recommandations de politique économique sont envisagées."
            "en" => "This paper analyses the European central bank (ECB) monetary policy over the period 1999-2006, with a special emphasis on the recent years. We provide several estimates for the ECB's interest rate rule that put foward its forward looking behavior, and the existence of a direct activity goal. Policy implications follow."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      114 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6335
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2647"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2647"
          "slug" => "the-end-of-the-french-paradox"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-10"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "The End of the "French Paradox"?"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2013). The End of the "French Paradox"? <i>Global Economy Journal</i>, 13(3), pp. 359-370."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Économie française"
            1 => "Politique économique"
            2 => "Réformes structurelles"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:58"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272263115_The_End_of_the_French_Paradox"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "359-370"
            "volume" => "13"
            "number" => "3"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article présente une analyse de court et long termes des performances de l’économie française. Il analyse les questions liées aux finances publiques, à la croissance et au chômage, surtout celui des jeunes, au système bancaire, etc. Il propose des voies des réformes structurelles qui s’avèreraient nécessaires et évalue dans quelle mesure le système politico-économique est susceptible de mener à bien ce type de réformes. En réunissant tous ces aspects, l’article met en lumière le « paradoxe » français en ces matières."
            "en" => "The purpose of this paper is to provide a short- to medium-term analysis of the performance of the French economy. It analyzes public finance, growth, unemployment, especially of young people, the banking system, etc. It proposes several avenues for needed structural reforms and evaluates whether the political-economic system can bring about these reforms. Putting these factors together illustrates the “paradox” that is the French economy."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      115 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6336
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2665"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2665"
          "slug" => "the-impact-of-enterprise-reform-on-labor-markets-in-transitional-economies-a-multi-sector-model"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-12"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "The Impact of Enterprise Reform on Labor Markets in Transitional Economies: A Multi-sector Model"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et VRANCEANU, R. (1995). The Impact of Enterprise Reform on Labor Markets in Transitional Economies: A Multi-sector Model. <i>Economic Systems</i>, pp. 285-303."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "VRANCEANU Radu"
              "bid" => "B00000524"
              "slug" => "vranceanu-radu"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-03-03 12:35:42"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "285-303"
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article étudie le fonctionnement du marché du travail dans les économies en transition ainsi que les facteurs institutionnels déterminant l'emploi et les salaires. Il y a deux secteurs ("privé" et "d'Etat") qui interagissent : chômage, emploi et salaires sont la solution d'un système d'équations simultanées."
            "en" => "The objective of this paper is to provide a model of the labor market in transitional economies and of the institutional factors determining employment and wages. We consider two sectors : the State Sector and the Private one, each of them being characterized by a specific employment behavior. Their interaction jointly determines wages and employment."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      116 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6337
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2795"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2795"
          "slug" => "un-principe-a-manier-avec-precaution"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Un principe à manier avec précaution"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2004). Un principe à manier avec précaution. <i>Risques</i>, pp. 93-97."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "93-97"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Une analyse du principe de précaution (PP) avec ses avantages et ses inconvénients. Après une distinction entre "risque" et "incertitude" l'article examine les risques de dérives possibles du PP et leurs conséquences économiques, sociales et scientifiques. Il conclut par des propositions pour une application "intelligente" du PP."
            "en" => "An analysis of the precautionary principle (PP) with its pros and cons. After distinguishing between "risk" and "uncertainty" the article studies how the PP could lead to unexpected collateral economic, social or scientific consequences. Some policy implications are developed for an "intelligent" use of the PP."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      117 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6338
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2848"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2848"
          "slug" => "vers-un-gouvernement-economique-de-leurope"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-06"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "Vers un gouvernement économique de l'Europe"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (1997). Vers un gouvernement économique de l'Europe. <i>Commentaire</i>, pp. 405-414."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "405-414"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article analyse la situation des Etats membres de l'Union européenne vis-à-vis des critères de Maastricht,  les trois stratégies possibles pour mettre en place la monnaie unique,  le Pacte de stabilité et de croissance et les caractéristiques d'un "Gouvernement économique" de l'Europe."
            "en" => "This article analyses the economic situation of the EU member states when compared to the criteria described in the treaty of Maastricht, the three possible strategies to establish the single currency , the growth and stability pact as well as the characteristics of an "Economic Government" for Europe."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      118 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6339
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2968"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2968"
          "slug" => "currency-crises-a-theoretical-and-empirical-perspective"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Currency Crises. A Theoretical and Empirical Perspective"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. et FRANCK, R. (2004). <i>Currency Crises. A Theoretical and Empirical Perspective</i>. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 261 pages."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "FRANCK R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce livre examine la question des crises de change sur les plans théorique et empirique. Il analyse le déclenchement des crises et leur propagation entre pays. Il se concentre sur les modèles de première, deuxième et troisième générations des crises de change et examine également le rôle que pourrait jouer le système financier pour éviter ces crises."
            "en" => "This book provides an extensive perspective and a comprehensive view of currency crises on the theoretical and empirical sides. It analyzes the outbreak and propagation of crises following three types of models. It focuses on first, second and third-generation models of currency crises, and also discusses the role of the international financial system in preventing currency crises."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-11-29T12:22:10.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "fr"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 3.3670924
        +"parent": null
      }
      119 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#6340
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2983"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2983"
          "slug" => "die-welt-der-wirtschaft"
          "yearMonth" => "2007-01"
          "year" => "2007"
          "title" => "Die Welt Der Wirtschaft"
          "description" => "FOURÇANS, A. (2007). <i>Die Welt Der Wirtschaft</i>. Campus Verlag, 186 pages."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "FOURÇANS André"
              "bid" => "B00000199"
              "slug" => "fourcans-andre"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Economie"
            1 => "Problèmes"
            2 => "Théorie économique"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet ouvrage est l'adaptation allemande de "L'économie expliquée à ma fille", Seuil, 2006. Il présente les grandes approches de l'analyse économique et les grandes questions économiques liées. Un examen sérieux mais pédagogique et convivial de l'économie, dans une version "germanisée" et adaptée à un public international."
            "en" => "This book is an adaptation in German of "L'économie expliquée à ma fille", Seuil, 2006. It analyses and discusses the main economic theories and the main economic questions. A serious but pedagogical presentation of economics, adapted to a German and international readership."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Economie"
            "en" => "Economics"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "