Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190
  #_id: "B00000059"
  #_source: array:38 [
    "bid" => "B00000059"
    "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
    "fullName" => "Hamid BOUCHIKHI"
    "lastName" => "BOUCHIKHI"
    "firstName" => "Hamid"
    "title" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Professeur"
      "en" => "Professor"
    ]
    "email" => "bouchikhi@essec.edu"
    "status" => "ACTIF"
    "campus" => "Campus de Cergy"
    "departments" => []
    "phone" => "+33 (0)1 34 43 30 66"
    "sites" => []
    "facNumber" => "2016"
    "externalCvUrl" => "https://faculty.essec.edu/en/cv/bouchikhi-hamid/pdf"
    "googleScholarUrl" => "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kQVXz_wAAAAJ"
    "facOrcId" => "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-7590"
    "career" => array:5 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2197
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1990-01-01"
          "endDate" => "1993-08-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Positions académiques principales"
            "en" => "Full-time academic appointments"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur assistant"
            "en" => "Assistant Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2198
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1993-09-01"
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          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Positions académiques principales"
            "en" => "Full-time academic appointments"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur associé"
            "en" => "Associate Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2199
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "1998-09-01"
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          "type" => array:2 [
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          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Professeur"
            "en" => "Professor"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2200
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "2019-09-01"
          "endDate" => "2021-08-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Other Academic Appointments"
            "fr" => "Autres positions académiques"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Dean"
            "en" => "Dean"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "SolBridge International School of Business"
            "en" => "SolBridge International School of Business"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Corée du Sud"
            "en" => "South Korea"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\CareerItem {#2201
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "2025-09-01"
          "endDate" => "2025-08-31"
          "isInternalPosition" => true
          "type" => array:2 [
            "en" => "Other appointments"
            "fr" => "Autres positions"
          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Responsable de département Management"
            "en" => "Department head Management"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
    ]
    "diplomes" => array:1 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Diplome {#2192
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:5 [
          "diplome" => "DIPLOMA"
          "year" => "1988"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Doctorat en Méthodes scientifiques de gestion"
            "en" => "Doctorat en Méthodes scientifiques de gestion"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL"
            "en" => "Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
    ]
    "bio" => array:2 [
      "fr" => null
      "en" => "Professor of Management and EntrepreneurshipAcademic Director of ESSEC Ventures"
    ]
    "department" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Management"
      "en" => "Management"
    ]
    "site" => array:2 [
      "fr" => null
      "en" => null
    ]
    "industrrySectors" => array:2 [
      "fr" => null
      "en" => null
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    "researchFields" => array:2 [
      "fr" => "Entrepreneuriat - management"
      "en" => "Entrepreneuriat - management"
    ]
    "teachingFields" => array:2 [
      "fr" => null
      "en" => null
    ]
    "distinctions" => array:5 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2202
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:6 [
          "date" => "2009-12-01"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""Grand Prix de l'Economie PME""
            "en" => ""Grand Prix de l'Economie PME" Award"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Prix"
            "en" => "Awards"
          ]
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            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
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        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2203
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:6 [
          "date" => "2014-08-01"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Richard Beckhard Memorial Prize, attribué aux auteurs du meilleur article dans MIT Sloan Management Review sur le changement planifié et le développement organisationnel publié de l'automne 2012 à l'été 2013, pour son article "Making Mergers Work" (avec J. R. Kimberly)"
            "en" => "Richard Beckhard Memorial Prize, most outstanding MIT Sloan Management Review article on planned change and organizational development published from fall 2012 to summer 2013, for the article "Making Mergers Work" (coauthored with J. R. Kimberly)"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Prix"
            "en" => "Awards"
          ]
          "tri" => " 1 "
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2204
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:6 [
          "date" => "2021-01-01"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre de THINKERS 50 RADAR CLASS OF 2021"
            "en" => "Member of the THINKE 50 RADAR CLASS OF 2021"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Prix"
            "en" => "Awards"
          ]
          "tri" => " 1 "
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            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2205
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:6 [
          "date" => "2011-02-11"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Best Professor in Organizational Development Award"
            "en" => "Best Professor in Organizational Development Award"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Prix"
            "en" => "Awards"
          ]
          "tri" => " 1 "
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Global HR Excellence Awards"
            "en" => "Global HR Excellence Awards"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Inde"
            "en" => "India"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Distinction {#2206
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:6 [
          "date" => "2022-09-01"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Hamid Bouchikhi Chair in Managerial Innovation at Woxsen University"
            "en" => "Hamid Bouchikhi Chair in Managerial Innovation at Woxsen University"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Prix"
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          ]
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          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
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          ]
        ]
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        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
    ]
    "teaching" => array:1 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\TeachingItem {#2196
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:7 [
          "startDate" => "2006"
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          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Organizational and field-level responses to institutional complexity: The case of French Grandes Ecoles de Commerce"
            "en" => "Organizational and field-level responses to institutional complexity: The case of French Grandes Ecoles de Commerce"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Directeur de thèse"
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          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "ESSEC Business School"
            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
      }
    ]
    "otherActivities" => array:5 [
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        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
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          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'un comité de lecture"
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          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du comité de lecture - Gérer et Comprendre"
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            "en" => null
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        ]
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        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#2191
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2003-01-01"
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          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'un comité de lecture"
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          "country" => array:2 [
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        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#2195
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2021-03-01"
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          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'une association professionnelle, d'un groupe d'experts ou d'un conseil d'administration"
            "en" => "Member of a professional association, of an expert group or of a board of directors"
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          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'équipes d'accréditation pour l' AACSB"
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          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business"
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          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "États-Unis"
            "en" => "United States of America"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#2189
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2019-11-01"
          "endDate" => "2021-06-30"
          "year" => null
          "uuid" => "501"
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Activités professionnelles"
            "en" => "Activités professionnelles"
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          "subType" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre d'une association professionnelle, d'un groupe d'experts ou d'un conseil d'administration"
            "en" => "Member of a professional association, of an expert group or of a board of directors"
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          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre de la Commission Spéciale sur le Modèle de Développement"
            "en" => "Member of the Special Committee on the Development Model"
          ]
          "institution" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Maroc"
            "en" => "Morocco"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\ExtraActivity {#2193
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "startDate" => "2022-12-01"
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          "type" => array:2 [
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            "fr" => "Membre d'une association professionnelle, d'un groupe d'experts ou d'un conseil d'administration"
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          ]
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Membre du Conseil Supérieur de l'Education, de la Formation et de la Recherche Scientifique, Maroc."
            "en" => "Member of the High Council for Education, Training, and Scientific research, Morocco."
          ]
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            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Maroc"
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        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
    ]
    "theses" => array:1 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\These {#2207
        #_index: null
        #_id: null
        #_source: array:9 [
          "year" => "2011"
          "startDate" => "2006"
          "endDate" => "2011"
          "student" => "KODEIH Farah"
          "firstJob" => "Associate Professor in Strategy - IESEG Business School"
          "label" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Organizational and field-level responses to institutional complexity: The case of French Grandes Ecoles de Commerce"
            "en" => "Organizational and field-level responses to institutional complexity: The case of French Grandes Ecoles de Commerce"
          ]
          "role" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Directeur de thèse"
            "en" => "Thesis director"
          ]
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            "en" => "ESSEC Business School"
          ]
          "country" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "France"
            "en" => "France"
          ]
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"parent": Essec\Faculty\Model\Profile {#2190}
      }
    ]
    "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:21:23.000Z"
    "contributions" => array:103 [
      0 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2208
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2188"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2188"
          "slug" => "paradigmatic-warfare-the-struggle-for-the-soul-of-economics-at-the-university-of-notre-dame"
          "yearMonth" => "2017-12"
          "year" => "2017"
          "title" => "Paradigmatic Warfare: The Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of Notre Dame"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2017). Paradigmatic Warfare: The Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of Notre Dame. <i>Industrial and Corporate Change</i>, 26(6), pp. 1109-1124."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:6 [
            0 => "Conflit"
            1 => "Économie"
            2 => "Identité"
            3 => "Institution"
            4 => "Isomorphisme"
            5 => "Paradigme"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://academic.oup.com/icc/article-abstract/26/6/1109/3067662?redirectedFrom=fulltext"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "1109-1124"
            "volume" => "26"
            "number" => "6"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article porte sur l'histoire de l'économie à l'Université Notre Dame (Indiana, USA) et analyse la guerre paradigmatique qui a opposé les économistes hétérodoxes à leurs collègues orthodoxes."
            "en" => "The article traces the history of economics at the University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA) and investigates the protracted paradigmatic warfare which opposed heterodox and orthodox economists."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      1 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2210
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2615"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2615"
          "slug" => "the-customised-workplace-copernican-revolution-or-romantic-fantasy"
          "yearMonth" => "2001-01"
          "year" => "2001"
          "title" => "The Customised Workplace: Copernican Revolution or Romantic Fantasy?"
          "description" => "KIMBERLY, J., BOUCHIKHI, H. et GRAIG, E. (2001). The Customised Workplace: Copernican Revolution or Romantic Fantasy? <i>European Business Forum</i>, pp. 12-13."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
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            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
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            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "GRAIG E."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
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          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:58"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "12-13"
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            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
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            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
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          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce texte est une contribution des auteurs à un forum sur la guerre des talents dans l'entreprise. S'appuyant sur le concept de "l'entreprise à la carte" qu'ils ont forgé, les auteurs affirment que, pour gagner la guerre des talents, les entreprises et leurs dirigeants devront désormais adapter leurs stratégies, politiques et structures aux besoins variables et changeants de leurs collaborateurs. La mise en place de "l'entreprise à la carte" est une révolution copernicienne et nécessaire dans la théorie et la pratique du management."
            "en" => "This paper is the authors' contribution to a forum on the war for talent. Drawing on their concept of the "Customized Workplace", the authors argue that, to win the war for talent, firms and their managers will need to adapt their strategies, policies and structures to increasingly variable and changing needs and aspirations of their people rather than the reverse. Implementing the Customized Workplace means a Copernican, and necessary, revolution in management thinking and practice."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      2 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2212
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2628"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2628"
          "slug" => "the-dynamics-of-organizational-development-and-change-how-the-past-shapes-the-present-and-constrains-the-future"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-01"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "The Dynamics of Organizational Development and Change : How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1995). The Dynamics of Organizational Development and Change : How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future. <i>Organization Science</i>, pp. 9-18."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "9-18"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Afin d' illustrer une théorie du changement centrée sur l'étude des processus, l'article examine la biographie d'une organisation novatrice confrontée à des pressions tant internes qu'externes vers un management plus bureaucratique et montre comment le dirigeant adapte l'organisation tout en préservant un mode de management original."
            "en" => "The paper contains a process oriented theory of organizational change. The framework is supported by the biography of an innovative organization confronted with internal and external pressures for a bureaucratized management system. The paper shows how the leader adapts the organization and maintains innovative management practices."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      3 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2209
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2760"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2760"
          "slug" => "towards-a-single-entrepreneurial-space"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Towards a Single Entrepreneurial Space"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2004). Towards a Single Entrepreneurial Space. <i>European Business Forum</i>, pp. 41-44."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "41-44"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Alors que l'intégration européenne avance à grands pas dans les sphères politique, économiques et sociale, la création d'entreprises demeure un phénomène national, voire local. Ce papier montre en quoi le caractère domestique de l'entrepreneuriat est problématique pour la compétitivité de l'Europe, discute les raisons du statut quo, et avance quelques idées pour favoriser l'émergence d'entreprises pan-européennes de croissance."
            "en" => "While European integration has progressed in many areas, entrepreneurship has lagged behind the general movement and is still largely a national, not to say local phenomenon. This paper asks why the domestic character of entrepreneurship is problematic for Europe's long term competitiveness, discusses some explanatory factors of the status quo, and makes suggestions as to how the creation and development of pan European high growth ventures could be stimulated."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      4 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2213
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2853"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2853"
          "slug" => "vers-une-approche-constructiviste-des-structures-organisationnelles"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-01"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Vers une approche constructiviste des structures organisationnelles"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). Vers une approche constructiviste des structures organisationnelles. <i>European Journal of Economic and Social Systems</i>, pp. 415-440."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "415-440"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      5 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#1845
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2997"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2997"
          "slug" => "entrepreneurs-et-gestionnaires-les-cles-du-management-entrepreneurial"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-10"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Entrepreneurs et gestionnaires : les clés du management entrepreneurial"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1994). <i>Entrepreneurs et gestionnaires : les clés du management entrepreneurial</i>. Éditions d'Organisation, 176 pages."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Conscientes des effets pervers des fonctionnements bureaucratiques, beaucoup de directions générales cherchent aujourd'hui à implanter un management entrepreneurial dans leurs entreprises. Ce livre se propose de les y aider grâce à une analyse approfondie des pratiques de management de trois entrepreneurs dont les expériences sont utilisées pour nourrir une réflexion plus générale sur les conditions, les traits distinctifs et les conséquences du management entrepreneurial."
            "en" => "Managers of large firms are increasingly seeking to replace bureaucratic ways of managing with more entrepreneurial ones. The purpose of this book is to help them achieve this transition. We propose an in-depth study of the management practices of three entrepreneurs and use their experiences as an occasion to assess the requisites, the distinctive features, and the implications of entrepreneurial management."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      6 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2211
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3142"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3142"
          "slug" => "le-maroc-a-batons-rompus"
          "yearMonth" => "2017-05"
          "year" => "2017"
          "title" => "Le Maroc à bâtons rompus"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2017). <i>Le Maroc à bâtons rompus</i>. Bookelis, 188 pages."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:5 [
            0 => "Développement"
            1 => "Économie"
            2 => "Education"
            3 => "Entrepreunariat"
            4 => "Maroc"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet ouvrage propose un éclairage sur les multiples facettes d'un Maroc en mouvement où des progrès réels dans les champs politique, économique et social côtoient moultes inerties et insuffisances. Les chapitres du livre sont constitués d'essais portant sur l'entrepreneuriat, l'économie, les entreprises, l'éducation, le champ politique, le développement durable et les initiatives du Maroc sur le continent africain. J'espère que le fait de porter un regard, avec une exigence bienveillante, sur les acquis réels et les défis persistants auxquels le Maroc du 21ème siècle demeure confronté, contribuera à l'instauration d'une conversation sereine et authentique à propos d'un pays en renaissance, sans excès de critique ni de glorification. La construction du Maroc nouveau gagnerait beaucoup à l'instauration d'un nouveau type de relations et de dialogue entre dirigeants responsables et intellectuels engagés. Ce livre est ma modeste contribution à la concrétisation du rêve qui m'habite d'un Maroc où l'action et la pensée se nourrissent et se fécondent au lieu de s'ignorer, voire de s'annuler. À bon entendeur salut."
            "en" => "This is a collectiion of essays where the author evaluates the achievements and the challenges facing Morocco in the fiels of entrepreneurship, economic policy, education, sustainable develoopment, and governance."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      7 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2214
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3324"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3324"
          "slug" => "structuration-des-organisations-concepts-constructivistes-et-etude-de-cas"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-01"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Structuration des organisations - Concepts constructivistes et étude de cas"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). <i>Structuration des organisations - Concepts constructivistes et étude de cas</i>. Economica, 145 pages."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Issu d'une réflexion théorique autant que d'un travail de terrain, l'ouvrage contient une discussion critique de théories de l'organisation fondées sur les modèles du mécanisme et de l'organisme. Il contient aussi une contribution à l'élaboration d'une approche constructiviste des organisations."
            "en" => "The book is the product of a field research. It contains a critique of works representative of the mechanical and organic models as applied to the structuring of organizations. It also develops a conceptual framework building on concepts imported from Piaget's genetic epistemology  and Giddens' structuration theory."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      8 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2215
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3337"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3337"
          "slug" => "the-soul-of-the-corporation-how-to-manage-the-identity-of-your-company"
          "yearMonth" => "2007-01"
          "year" => "2007"
          "title" => "The Soul of the Corporation. How to Manage the Identity of your Company"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMMERLY, J.R. (2007). <i>The Soul of the Corporation. How to Manage the Identity of your Company</i>. Pearson Education, Wharton School Publishing, 256 pages."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMMERLY J.R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:7 [
            0 => "Alliances stratégiques"
            1 => "Changement"
            2 => "Fusions-acquisitions"
            3 => "Identité"
            4 => "Mergers and Acquisitions"
            5 => "Spin-offs"
            6 => "Strategic"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce livre présente les résultats d'un projet de recherche mené par les auteurs sur le rôle de l'identité dans le comportement des entreprises et leurs dirigeants. Les auteurs y présentent une conception dialectique de l'identité organisationnelle et montrent comment l'identité peut être un facteur de performance et d'adaptation durables ou constituer un handicap majeur. Les auteurs proposent des cadres conceptuels pour aider à gérer la dimension identitaire dans les contextes de fusions-acquisitions, alliances, spin-offs et gestion d'identités de marques. Le livre présente une méthodologie pour l'audit identitaire et se conclut sur une discussion des stratégies que les dirigeants peuvent adopter pour faire évoluer, ou changer radicalement, l'identité de leur organisation."
            "en" => "The book presents the results of the authors' research on the role of identity in the behavior of firms and their managers.The authors introduce a dialectical perspective on organizational identity and show how it can be a crucial asset in a firm's performance and adaptation or become a huge liability.The authors propose a set of conceptual frameworks to help managers deal with identity in mergers-and-acquisitions, strategic alliances, spin-offs, and brand identity management.The authors also outline a methodology for auditing an organization's identity and conclude with recommendations to senior managers who seek to evolve, or radically change, the identity of their company."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      9 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2216
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3338"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3338"
          "slug" => "the-soul-of-the-corporation-how-to-manage-the-identity-of-your-company-chinese-translation"
          "yearMonth" => "2010-10"
          "year" => "2010"
          "title" => "The Soul of the Corporation. How to Manage the Identity of your Company (Chinese Translation)"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMMERLY, J.R. (2010). <i>The Soul of the Corporation. How to Manage the Identity of your Company (Chinese Translation)</i>. Pearson Education, 177 pages."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMMERLY J.-R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 16:57:03"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Livres"
            "en" => "Books"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => """
              Ce livre présente les résultats d'un projet de recherche mené par les auteurs sur le rôle de l'identité dans le comportement des entreprises et leurs dirigeants.\n
              Les auteurs y présentent une conception dialectique de l'identité organisationnelle et montrent comment l'identité peut être un facteur de performance et d'adaptation durables ou constituer un handicap majeur.\n
              Les auteurs proposent des cadres conceptuels pour aider à gérer la dimension identitaire dans les contextes de fusions-acquisitions, alliances, spin-offs et gestion d'identités de marques.\n
              Le livre présente une méthodologie pour l'audit identitaire et se conclut sur une discussion des stratégies que les dirigeants peuvent adopter pour faire évoluer, ou changer radicalement, l'identité de leur organisation.
              """
            "en" => """
              The book presents the results of the authors' research on the role of identity in the behavior of firms and their managers.\n
              The authors introduce a dialectical perspective on organizational identity and show how it can be a crucial asset in a firm's performance and adaptation or become a huge liability.\n
              The authors propose a set of conceptual frameworks to help managers deal with identity in mergers-and-acquisitions, strategic alliances, spin-offs, and brand identity management.\n
              The authors also outline a methodology for auditing an organization's identity and conclude with recommendations to senior managers who seek to evolve, or radically change, the identity of their company.
              """
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      10 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2217
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3394"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3394"
          "slug" => "all-change-in-the-customized-workplace"
          "yearMonth" => "2003-01"
          "year" => "2003"
          "title" => "All Change in the Customized Workplace"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2003). All Change in the Customized Workplace. Dans: <i>Mastering People Management</i>. 1st ed. Financial Times, pp. 85-90."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Mastering People Management"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "85-90"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Tout comme Copernic a découvert que le soleil ne tourne pas autour de la terre, les managers doivent composer avec des collaborateurs qui voudront de moins en moins se subordonner à l'entreprise. Hamid Bouchikhi et John Kimberly explorent les implications pour la gestion et le développement du capital humain dans l'entreprise du 21ème siècle."
            "en" => "As Copernicus discovered that sun did not revolve around the earth, so managers must face up to employees who will not subordinate themselves to companies. Hamid Bouchikhi and John Kimberly examine the implication for the management and development of human capital in the firm of the 21st century."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      11 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2218
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3510"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3510"
          "slug" => "cultiver-la-vertu-de-loligarchie-manageriale-plaidoyer-pour-lentreprise-publique-a-capitaux-prives"
          "yearMonth" => "2009-01"
          "year" => "2009"
          "title" => "Cultiver la vertu de l'oligarchie managériale : plaidoyer pour l'entreprise publique à capitaux privés"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2009). Cultiver la vertu de l'oligarchie managériale : plaidoyer pour l'entreprise publique à capitaux privés. Dans: <i>Le leadership responsable. Un allié sûr contre la crise</i>. 1st ed. Gualino. Lextenso éditions, pp. 69-75."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Le leadership responsable. Un allié sûr contre la crise"
          "keywords" => array:2 [
            0 => "Crise"
            1 => "Vertu"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "69-75"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La crise actuelle n'est ni une crise du capitalisme, ni une crise de l'entreprise. Il s'agit plutôt d'une crise de l'entreprise managériale devenue otage d'une oligarchie qui a perdu le sens de la vertu.Le développement d'une classe dirigeante vertueuse nécessite l'invention d'une nouvelle forme d'entreprise: l'entreprise publique à capitaux privés. Cette forme d'entreprise sera mieux armée pour équilibrer les pouvoirs et réduire les comportements oligarchiques."
            "en" => "La crise actuelle n'est ni une crise du capitalisme, ni une crise de l'entreprise. Il s'agit plutôt d'une crise de l'entreprise managériale devenue otage d'une oligarchie qui a perdu le sens de la vertu.Le développement d'une classe dirigeante vertueuse nécessite l'invention d'une nouvelle forme d'entreprise: l'entreprise publique à capitaux privés. Cette forme d'entreprise sera mieux armée pour équilibrer les pouvoirs et réduire les comportements oligarchiques."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      12 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2219
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3538"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3538"
          "slug" => "designing-the-customized-workplace"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-01"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "Designing the Customized Workplace"
          "description" => "KIMBERLY, J. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2000). Designing the Customized Workplace. Dans: <i>Wharton on Managing Emerging Technologies</i>. 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 393-411."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Wharton on Managing Emerging Technologies"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "393-411"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les technologies émergentes confrontent employeurs et employés à de nouveaux défis en matière d'organisation, de management et de gestion des ressources humaines. Les auteurs explorent comment la notion d'entreprise à la carte pourrait aider les entreprises et les individus à faire face à ces défis."
            "en" => "Across a wide range of organizations, employment relationships are being rewritten. For emerging technology firms -with their high risks, high payoffs, dependence on knowledge, and need for flexibility- the human resources challenges are even greater. The authors explore characteristics of emerging technologies and changes in the workforce that are reshaping the relationships between employees and firms. Then they discuss an emerging new model for a "customized workplace", in which workers and employers jointly determine the conditions of employment on a case-by-case basis instead of offering employees a one-size-fits-all work arrangement, or even a thinly disguised "menu" of options. These customized relationships can help companies find the talent they need to succeed by offering employees more control over their working life."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      13 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2220
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3604"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3604"
          "slug" => "entreprendre-dans-lentreprise-etablie-pour-en-finir-avec-linjonction-paradoxale"
          "yearMonth" => "2007-01"
          "year" => "2007"
          "title" => "Entreprendre dans l'entreprise établie: pour en finir avec l'injonction paradoxale"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2007). Entreprendre dans l'entreprise établie: pour en finir avec l'injonction paradoxale. Dans: <i>L'art de l'innovation</i>. 1st ed. L'Harmattan, pp. 207-218."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "L'art de l'innovation"
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Entrepreneuriat"
            1 => "Firme établie"
            2 => "Innovation"
            3 => "Management"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "207-218"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Dans les entreprises grandes ou moyennes, les salariés sont soumis à une injonction paradoxale. Comment peuvent-ils, en effet, agir en entrepreneurs, comme le voudrait leur direction, alors que celle-là même redoute que ces initiatives échappent à son contrôle ? Après avoir identifié quatre types de comportement entrepreneurial dans la firme établie, l'auteur conseille d'aligner les pratiques de management en fonction du type d'entrepreneuriat que l'on souhaite promouvoir."
            "en" => "Employees in established firms are submitted to a paradoxical command. They are urged to behave like entrepreneurs but, at the same time, organization design and management practices continue to be anchored in the traditional hierarchical, command and control, mindset. To help managers break out of the paradox, the author distinguishes four types of entrepreneurial behavior in established firms and invites managers to align organization design and management practices with the types of entrepreneurial behavior they want to promote."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      14 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2221
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "3840"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "3840"
          "slug" => "lart-dentreprendre"
          "yearMonth" => "2008-01"
          "year" => "2008"
          "title" => "L'art d'entreprendre"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2008). L'art d'entreprendre. Dans: <i>L'art d'entreprendre</i>. 1st ed. Pearson."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "L'art d'entreprendre"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      15 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2222
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "661"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "661"
          "slug" => "apprendre-a-diriger-en-dirigeant"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-11"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "Apprendre à diriger en dirigeant"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1991). Apprendre à diriger en dirigeant. <i>Revue Internationale de Gestion</i>, pp. 56-63."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:00"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "56-63"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      16 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2223
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "751"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "751"
          "slug" => "can-loyalty-be-leased"
          "yearMonth" => "2002-09"
          "year" => "2002"
          "title" => "Can Loyalty be Leased?"
          "description" => "GRAIG, E., KIMBERLY, J. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2002). Can Loyalty be Leased? <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, pp. 24."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "GRAIG E."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "24"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce bref article résume une recherche en cours sur l'investissement psychologique des salariés dans l'entreprise. Les données collectées auprès d'un échantillon de cadres internationaux montrent que l'abandon par les entreprises de la garantie d'emploi à long terme n'entraîne pas automatiquement une dégradation du sentiment de loyauté à l'entreprise. Les orientations professionnelles et les aspirations des individus jouent un rôle important dans leur réaction aux politiques de l'entreprise."
            "en" => "This brief article summarizes an ongoing research on executive commitment to the firm. Data collected from an international sample of executives indicate that the shift from long term employment security to imployability does not necessarily entail less commitment to the firm. Individuals' professional orientations and aspirations moderate significantly their reactions to firms' policies."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      17 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2224
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "778"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "778"
          "slug" => "china-urgently-needs-more-responsible-entrepreneurs"
          "yearMonth" => "2016-04"
          "year" => "2016"
          "title" => "China Urgently Needs More Responsible Entrepreneurs"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2016). China Urgently Needs More Responsible Entrepreneurs. <i>Reflets Hors-Série ESSEC Knowledge</i>, (2), pp. 42-45."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:03"
          "publicationUrl" => "http://knowledge.essec.edu/en/sustainability/china-urgently-needs-more-responsible-entrepreneur.html"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "42-45"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => "2"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      18 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2225
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "828"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "828"
          "slug" => "common-pitfalls-in-identity-integration"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-02"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "Common Pitfalls in Identity Integration"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J.R. (2013). Common Pitfalls in Identity Integration. <i>CEIBS Business Review</i>, (2), pp. 37-43."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J. R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Acquisition"
            1 => "Fusion"
            2 => "Identité"
            3 => "Intégration"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-02-02 16:16:18"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "37-43"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => "2"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce texte discute des situations de mauvaise gestion de l'intégration identitaire dans des contextes de fusions-acquisitions."
            "en" => "The paper outlines situations of problematic identity integration post mergers and acquisitions."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      19 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2226
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "835"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "835"
          "slug" => "competing-through-categorization-product-and-audience-centric-strategies-in-an-evolving-categorical-structure"
          "yearMonth" => "2019-07"
          "year" => "2019"
          "title" => "Competing Through Categorization: Product- and Audience-Centric Strategies in an Evolving Categorical Structure"
          "description" => "KODEIH, F., BOUCHIKHI, H. et GAUTHIER, V. (2019). Competing Through Categorization: Product- and Audience-Centric Strategies in an Evolving Categorical Structure. <i>Organization Studies</i>, 40(7), pp. 995-1023."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KODEIH F."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "GAUTHIER V."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Category-level status"
            1 => "Competitive dynamics"
            2 => "Status within categories"
            3 => "Strategic categorization"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0170840618772597"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "995-1023"
            "volume" => "40"
            "number" => "7"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cette recherche éclaire un contexte où la stratégie concurrentielle se déplace du produit à la catégorisation."
            "en" => "We investigate how and why competing organizations position their similar products in categories of varying status. We studied the paired longitudinal case of the highly publicized contest between ESSEC and HEC, two French business schools, as they sought to position their core Grande Ecole program in the evolving international business education categorical structure. We conceptualize categorization as a competitive, relational process involving multiple actors and producing various meanings and perceptions. Our study (a) highlights the role of anticipated category status spillovers versus anticipated relative status within a category in producers’ entry decisions; (b) contrasts product- and audience-centric categorization strategies; and (c) shows the role of intermediaries in adjudicating categorization contests."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      20 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2227
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "861"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "861"
          "slug" => "construire-et-faire-vivre-une-organisation-de-groupe"
          "yearMonth" => "2011-09"
          "year" => "2011"
          "title" => "Construire et faire vivre une organisation de groupe"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2011). Construire et faire vivre une organisation de groupe. <i>Expansion Management Review</i>, (142), pp. 110-118."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Holding"
            1 => "Intégration"
            2 => "Organisation de groupe"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:06"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-expansion-management-review-2011-3-page-110.htm"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "110-118"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => "142"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Contrairement au mode de relation de type holding-filiales, où le centre laisse une totale autonomie de gestion aux unités qu'il fédère, l'organisation de groupe fait le choix de l'intégration. Cohabitation d'activités "historiques" et d'activités de développement plus récent, concurrence interne, phénomènes de "village gaulois" ou de "passager clandestin", les obstacles à surmonter pullulent. Créer un sentiment d'appartenance est un travail de longue haleine."
            "en" => "While a holding organizational design leaves managerial autonomy to business units, a corporate organizational structure seeks a higher level of operating integration. Implementing a corporate organization raises a host of issues and challenges that managers have to address: co-existence with historical and recently added businesses, internal rivalry, "gallic village", and free riders. Building an integrated corporate structure requires patient cultivation of a feeling of belongingness that can transcend local interests and foster collective coordination."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      21 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2228
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "938"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "938"
          "slug" => "de-la-libre-entreprise-a-la-libre-personne"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-09"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "De la libre entreprise à la libre personne"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1999). De la libre entreprise à la libre personne. <i>L'Expansion Management Review</i>, pp. 6-15."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:08"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "6-15"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "A quoi ressemblera  l'entreprise du XXIème siècle ? Dans cet article, les auteurs examinent les changements sociologiques qui obligent les entreprises à repenser leurs modes de fonctionnement. Alors qu'au XXème siècle, elles ont dû composer avec les contraintes économiques, les exigences des actionnaires et les besoins des clients, les entreprises se trouvent désormais confrontées à des travailleurs autonomes et proactifs qui entendent participer pleinement à la gestion de leur milieu de travail. Pour passer avec succès le cap de l'an 2000, les entreprises n'auront d'autre choix que de s'adapter aux besoins individuels de leurs employés et de leur offrir un environnement de travail "personnalisé"."
            "en" => "What will the 21st century company look like? In this article, the authors examine the ongoing social changes that are forcing companies to rethink the way they operate. While, during the 20th century, companies had to deal with economic constraints, the demands of shareholders and the needs of their clients, they will now have to face independent and proactive employees who intend to fully participate in the management of their work environment. In order to make it into the new millennium successfully, businesses, have no choice but to adapt to the individual needs of their employees and to provide them with a customized work environment."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      22 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2229
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1002"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1002"
          "slug" => "disruption-on-steroids-sea-change-in-the-worlds-of-higher-education-in-general-and-business-education-in-particular"
          "yearMonth" => "2016-01"
          "year" => "2016"
          "title" => "Disruption on Steroids: Sea Change in the Worlds of Higher Education in General and Business Education in Particular"
          "description" => "KIMBERLY, J.R. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2016). Disruption on Steroids: Sea Change in the Worlds of Higher Education in General and Business Education in Particular. <i>Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies</i>, 23(1), pp. 5-12."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J. R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Business Schools"
            1 => "Tendances Disruptives"
            2 => "Variation et sélection"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:10"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1548051815606434"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "5-12"
            "volume" => "23"
            "number" => "1"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article examine les tendances disruptives à l'œuvre dans l'enseignement supérieur, en général, et dans la formation au management, en particulier, et formule deux scénarios possibles d'évolution des business schools: variation et sélection."
            "en" => "The article examines disruptive trends in higher educatio, in general, and in business education, in particular, and articulates two possible scenarios for the future of business schools, namely variation and selection."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      23 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2230
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1059"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1059"
          "slug" => "editorial"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-01"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "Editorial"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H., KILDUFF, M. et WHITTINGTON, R. (1997). Editorial. <i>Organization Studies</i>."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KILDUFF M."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "WHITTINGTON R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2022-10-17 09:47:29"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069701800101"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "The project of this special issue emerged from the following observa-tion. While an increasing number of organization scholars from aroundthe world have been struggling with issues of agency and structure sincethe 1970s, their works are still hardly perceived as contributionstowards a common endeavour. There are several reasons for this lackof collective visibility. Students of action and structure in organizationsdraw on different theoretical traditions, including post-modernism, fem-inism, discourse analysis, structuration theory and the mathematics ofchaos. They also propose different kinds of output, including epistemo-logical contributions, methodological prescriptions and empiricalworks. Moreover, they work in different countries and have few occa-sions to interact and develop the kinds of links that go along with theconstitution of a scientific community."
            "en" => "The project of this special issue emerged from the following observa-tion. While an increasing number of organization scholars from aroundthe world have been struggling with issues of agency and structure sincethe 1970s, their works are still hardly perceived as contributionstowards a common endeavour. There are several reasons for this lackof collective visibility. Students of action and structure in organizationsdraw on different theoretical traditions, including post-modernism, fem-inism, discourse analysis, structuration theory and the mathematics ofchaos. They also propose different kinds of output, including epistemo-logical contributions, methodological prescriptions and empiricalworks. Moreover, they work in different countries and have few occa-sions to interact and develop the kinds of links that go along with theconstitution of a scientific community."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      24 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2231
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1103"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1103"
          "slug" => "entreprendre-manager-meme-combat"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-12"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Entreprendre, manager, même combat"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2004). Entreprendre, manager, même combat. <i>L'Expansion Management Review</i>, pp. 44-48."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:13"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "44-48"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce texte rejette l'opposition traditionnelle entre entrepreneurs et gestionnaires, largement véhiculée dans les milieux académiques et médiatiques, et pourtant, jamais validée scientifiquement. L'auteur soutient que les évolutions récentes, aussi bien dans les grandes entreprises que dans l'univers des start-ups, obligent les individus à développer une double compétence entrepreneuriale et managériale."
            "en" => "The paper stands against the traditional opposition between entrepreneurs and managers, widely held in academic and mediatic circles and never proven scientifically. The author argues that recent evolutions in established firms and in the start-up arena create the need for individuals to develop both entrepreneurial and managerial skills."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      25 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2232
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1109"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1109"
          "slug" => "escaping-the-identity-trap"
          "yearMonth" => "2003-01"
          "year" => "2003"
          "title" => "Escaping the Identity Trap"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2003). Escaping the Identity Trap. <i>Sloan Management Review</i>, pp. 20-26."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:13"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "20-26"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Tout comme les individus, les organisations ont une essence constituée d'expériences passées, de croyances, de stocks de savoirs et de compétences de base. Les changements qui vont à l'encontre de cette identité sont souvent voués à l'échec. Les dirigeants peuvent apprendre à reconnaître ces conflits et faciliter le changement identitaire, pour préserver l'adaptabilité de leur organisation."
            "en" => "Organizations, like people, have essential natures defined by their formative experiences, their beliefs, their knowledge bases and their core competences. Attempts at change are in conflict with this core identity and often doomed to failure. Managers can learn to recognize such conflicts and initiate identity change to make their companies more adaptive."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      26 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2233
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1214"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1214"
          "slug" => "finally-overcoming-the-identity-disadvantage"
          "yearMonth" => "2011-04"
          "year" => "2011"
          "title" => "Finally, Overcoming the Identity Disadvantage"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2011). Finally, Overcoming the Identity Disadvantage. <i>Bulletin de la Societe Geographique de Liege</i>, pp. 74-75."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Acquisition"
            1 => "Identité"
            2 => "Pays émergents"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:16"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "74-75"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les dirigeants des multinationales émergentes qui acquièrent de grandes entreprises et marques dans les pays avancés sont confrontés à un paradoxe. Elles ne peuvent finaliser une acquisition qu'à condition de prendre l'engagement de préserver l'identité de la cible. Cependant, pour réaliser un retour sur investissement, les dirigeants doivent mettre en oeuvre un minimum d'intégration. L'auteur explore quatre approches d'intégration identitaire et adresse des recommandations aux dirigeants pour minimiser le désavantage identitaire."
            "en" => "Managers of emerging multinationals, who acquire brands bigger than themselves, are faced with an unusual paradox. They are asked, as a precondition to the deal, to make explicit commitments in order to preserve the identity of the acquired firms. On the other hand, to realize the potential of their investment, they have to achieve some level of integration. The author explores four approaches to identity integration and makes recommendations to managers for overcoming the identity disadvantage."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      27 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2234
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1472"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1472"
          "slug" => "la-conquete-du-marche-americain-sun-tzu-contre-clausewitz"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-06"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "La conquête du marché américain : Sun Tzu contre Clausewitz"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1991). La conquête du marché américain : Sun Tzu contre Clausewitz. <i>Gérer et Comprendre</i>, pp. 28-43."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "28-43"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      28 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2235
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1585"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1585"
          "slug" => "la-transmission-dentreprise-une-affaire-didentite"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-05"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "La transmission d'entreprise : une affaire d'identité"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2004). La transmission d'entreprise : une affaire d'identité. <i>Repreneur</i>, pp. 17-18."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:28"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "17-18"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue professionnelle"
            "en" => "Professional journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Une opération de rachat de société ne peut réussir que si le cédant, le repreneur et l'entreprise arrivent à développer une nouvelle conception d'eux-mêmes et à la faire accepter par leur environnement."
            "en" => "Une opération de rachat de société ne peut réussir que si le cédant, le repreneur et l'entreprise arrivent à développer une nouvelle conception d'eux-mêmes et à la faire accepter par leur environnement."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      29 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2236
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1659"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1659"
          "slug" => "le-gouvernement-des-entreprises-francaises-de-demain"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-09"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Le gouvernement des entreprises françaises de demain"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1994). Le gouvernement des entreprises françaises de demain. <i>Revue Française de Gestion</i>, pp. 28-32."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "28-32"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'évolution de la mission, de la structure ou de la propriété des entreprises implique nécessairement une évolution des fonctions dirigeantes. Rien d'étonnant, donc, si en cette époque de mutations, on peut déceler des signaux annonciateurs de changements affectant potentiellement le gouvernement des entreprises et plus particulièrement le profil et le métier des dirigeants. L'article identifie et analyse ces probables changements."
            "en" => "Recent evolutions of the mission, the structure, and the ownership of French firms will impact on their management and governance. The author identifies and discusses some signals that may mean deep transformations in governance mechanisms, managers' profiles and missions."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      30 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2237
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1668"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1668"
          "slug" => "le-management-bureauganique-ou-comment-reconcilier-le-clan-avec-la-bureaucratie"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-12"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "Le management "bureauganique" : ou comment réconcilier le clan avec la bureaucratie"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1992). Le management "bureauganique" : ou comment réconcilier le clan avec la bureaucratie. <i>Gérer et Comprendre</i>, pp. 4-16."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "4-16"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Depuis la seconde moitié des années 80, beaucoup de théoriciens du management se sont engagés dans la critique du management professionnel et l'éloge d'un management organique. Or, plusieurs observations tendent à prouver que les fonctionnements sur le modèle du clan ont des faiblesses non moins graves que celles des fonctionnements bureaucratiques. Cherchant une synthèse entre ces deux modèles habituellement opposés, les auteurs proposent le concept de management bureauganique pour réunir les avantages du clan et de la bureaucratie, l'un minimisant les effets pervers de l'autre. Une étude de cas montre comment un mode de management bureauganique peut être mis en place et comment les dirigeants peuvent résister à la tendance des organisations à secréter toujours plus de bureaucratie à mesure qu'elles se développent."
            "en" => "Since the second half of the 80s, many management theorists have been criticizing the professional management model and celebrating a more organic management. But evidence accumulated in the recent years shows that organic management is not necessarily better than bureaucratic management. The authors refuse to look at bureaucratic and organic management as mutually exclusive. Bureauganic management means that a long term effective management contains both bureaucratic and organic components, each one equilibrating the negative side effects of the other. A case study illustrates how a bureauganic management may be implemented and how managers can resist the tendency of organizations to generate more and more bureaucracy as they grow."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      31 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2238
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1676"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1676"
          "slug" => "le-management-ne-peut-il-donc-etre-francais"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-01"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "Le management ne peut-il donc être français ?"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H., BERRY, M. et KIMBERLY, J. (1993). Le management ne peut-il donc être français ? <i>Revue Française de Gestion</i>, pp. 41-44."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BERRY M."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "41-44"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Il règne, depuis longtemps, en France une croyance selon laquelle les bonnes manières de diriger des entreprises ne peuvent venir que d'ailleurs. Pourtant, il existe plusieurs entreprises françaises, grandes ou petites, dont les performances sont enviées à l'étranger. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur les raisons du scepticisme des Français vis-à-vis de leurs réussites et indiquent quelques pistes pour réconcilier la recherche en gestion avec l'étude des réussites alors qu'elle s'est, jusqu'à présent, nourrie de l'observation des dysfonctionnements de quelques grandes entreprises, le plus souvent publiques."
            "en" => "The paper asks why so many people in France believe that "good management" must be  imported from elsewhere. We identify multiple actors whose actions and opinions reinforce such a belief. Yet, there are many outstanding French firms - small and large - which are not managed according to standard American or Japanese management principles. We conclude advocating a research agenda driven by the observation of healthy French organizations in order to generate useful insights about management in France."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      32 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2239
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1688"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1688"
          "slug" => "le-micro-ordinateur-dans-lentreprise-du-plaisir-a-la-norme"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-09"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Le micro-ordinateur dans l'entreprise : du plaisir à la norme"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). Le micro-ordinateur dans l'entreprise : du plaisir à la norme. <i>Gérer et Comprendre</i>, pp. 16-25."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "16-25"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      33 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2240
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1767"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1767"
          "slug" => "lentreprise-a-la-carte-un-nouveau-paradigme-de-gestion"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-01"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "L'entreprise à la carte : un nouveau paradigme de gestion"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1999). L'entreprise à la carte : un nouveau paradigme de gestion. <i>Gestion - Revue Internationale de Gestion</i>, pp. 114-121."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:30:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "114-121"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "A quoi ressemblera l'entreprise du XXIème siècle ? Dans cet article, les auteurs examinent les changements sociologiques qui obligent les entreprises à repenser leurs modes de fonctionnement. Alors qu'au XXème siècle, elles ont dû composer avec les contraintes économiques, les exigences des actionnaires et les besoins des clients, les entreprises se trouvent désormais confrontées à des travailleurs autonomes et proactifs qui entendent participer pleinement à la gestion de leur milieu de travail. Pour passer avec succès le cap de l'an 2000, les entreprises n'auront d'autre choix que de s'adapter aux besoins individuels de leurs employés et de leur offrir un environnement de travail "personnalisé"."
            "en" => "What will the 21th century company look like? In this article, the authors examine the ongoing social changes that are forcing companies to rethink the way they operate. While, during the 20th century, companies had to deal with economic constraints, the demands of shareholders and the needs of their clients, they will now have to face independent and proactive employees who intend to fully participate in the management of their work environment. In order to make it into the new millennium successfully, businesses, have no choice but to adapt to the individual needs of their employees and to provide them with a personalized work environment."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      34 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2241
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1772"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1772"
          "slug" => "les-accidents-de-carriere-des-dirigeants"
          "yearMonth" => "1996-11"
          "year" => "1996"
          "title" => "Les accidents de carrière des dirigeants"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1996). Les accidents de carrière des dirigeants. <i>Revue Française de Gestion</i>, pp. 199-211."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "199-211"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article présente les conclusions d'une recherche sur les accidents de carrière des dirigeants de grandes entreprises en France. La recherche a porté sur une centaine de révocations de PDG, complétée par des entretiens avec une dizaine de dirigeants de cabinets de "chasseurs de têtes" et une vingtaine de dirigeants ayant vécu une rupture de carrière. Les résultats de la recherche sont présentés sous forme de réponses à trois questions : pourquoi révoque-t-on un PDG ? Comment s'y prend-on ? Et qu'arrive-t-il aux PDG après un accident de carrière ?"
            "en" => "This paper reports the results of a research on CEOs' dismissal in large French firms. We have collected data on one hundred cases and interviewed ten managers of "head-hunting" firms and twenty CEOs who experienced a forced departure. The conclusions of the research are presented in the form of answers to three major questions : Why are CEOs dismissed ? How are they dismissed ? And what becomes of deposed CEOs ?"
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      35 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2242
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1960"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1960"
          "slug" => "living-with-and-building-on-complexity-a-constructivist-perspective-on-organizations"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-05"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "Living with and Building on Complexity: A Constructivist Perspective on Organizations"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1998). Living with and Building on Complexity: A Constructivist Perspective on Organizations. <i>Organization</i>, pp. 217-232."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "217-232"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce texte articule une théorie des organisations basée sur les postulats d'indétermination de multi-directionnalité et de contradiction des comportements humains dans les contextes organisationnels. En accord avec ces postulats, le texte propose une perspective constructiviste sur les questions centrales de persistence, d'équilibration et de structuration des organisations. L'approche constructiviste est une tentative d'intégration de théories existantes, souvent considérées comme irréconciliables et non comparables, dans le cadre d'une méta-théorie complexe des organisations."
            "en" => "The paper introduces a theory of organizations built on the assumption that human behavior in organizational settings is relatively indetermined, multi-directional, and contradictory. Consistent with this assumption, the paper proposes a constructivist perspective on organizational persistence, equilibration, and structuration. The constructivist perspective represents an attempt at integrating existant, though often treated as incommensurable, theories of organizations within a complex framework."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      36 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2243
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "1997"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "1997"
          "slug" => "making-mergers-work"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-09"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "Making Mergers Work"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J.R. (2012). Making Mergers Work. <i>MIT Sloan Management Review</i>, 54(1), pp. 63-70."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J. R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:4 [
            0 => "Acquisitions"
            1 => "Fusions"
            2 => "Identité"
            3 => "Intégration"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-02-02 16:16:18"
          "publicationUrl" => "https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/making-mergers-work/"
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "63-70"
            "volume" => "54"
            "number" => "1"
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les dirigeants sous-estiment souvent le rôle de l'identité dans les fusions et acquisitions. Les auteurs discutent quatre approches pour une gestion efficace de l'intégration identitaire."
            "en" => "Executives too often overlook the vital question of identity when seeking synergies from mergers and acquisitions. The authors discuss four possible approaches to effective identity integration."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      37 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2244
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "2130"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "2130"
          "slug" => "on-the-dialectics-of-strategic-alliances"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "On the Dialectics of Strategic Alliances"
          "description" => "ROND (DE), M. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2004). On the Dialectics of Strategic Alliances. <i>Organization Science</i>, pp. 56-69."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "name" => "ROND"
              "bid" => "DE"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "56-69"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article évalue la recherche sur les alliances stratégiques, introduit une approche dialectique de leur dynamique et illustre cettre approche par une étude de cas portant sur un partenariat de R&D entre une entreprise de biotechnologie et un grand laboratoire pharmaceutique."
            "en" => "The article reviews research on strategic alliances and introduces a dialectical approach for studying their dynamics. The framework is illustrated with a case study of a R&D alliance between a biotechnology start-up and a large pharmaceutical company."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      38 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2245
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "507"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "507"
          "slug" => "its-difficult-to-innovate-the-death-of-the-tenured-professor-and-the-birth-of-the-knowledge-entrepreneur"
          "yearMonth" => "2001-01"
          "year" => "2001"
          "title" => ""It's Difficult to Innovate": The Death of the Tenured Professor and the Birth of the Knowledge Entrepreneur"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J.R. (2001). "It's Difficult to Innovate": The Death of the Tenured Professor and the Birth of the Knowledge Entrepreneur. <i>Human Relations</i>, pp. 77-90."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J. R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "77-90"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les auteurs dénoncent un déficit d'innovation dans la recherche en management alors que le monde de l'entreprise a fait preuve, sur les deux dernières décennies, d'une capacité indéniable de remise en cause et d'innovation. Pourquoi donc un champ qui prêche l'innovation n'arrive pas à s'appliquer ses propres recommandations ? Quels sont les facteurs de conservatisme dans la recherche en management ? Quelles sont les évolutions prévisibles de l'organisation académique et comment influeront-ils sur la production de connaissances en management?"
            "en" => "The authors observe an innovation deficit in management research while firms have initiated, over the last two decades, a sustained wave of radical innovation. Why is it then that a field that preaches innovation is unable to benefit from its own prescriptions? What are the factors of conservatism in management research? How is the academic institutional environment evolving and how will this impact on management knowledge production?"
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      39 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2246
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "528"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "528"
          "slug" => "a-constructivist-framework-for-understanding-entrepreneurship-performance"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-01"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1993). A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance. <i>Organization Studies</i>, pp. 549-570."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 17:55:06"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "549-570"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles"
            "en" => "Journal articles"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article procède à une revue de littérature portant sur la performance du processus entrepreneurial. Les carences des différentes théories sont discutées. Un cadre conceptuel constructiviste est proposé. Le résultat du processus entrepreneurial y est considéré comme émergeant d'interactions complexes entre l'entrepreneur, l'environnement, des aléas imprévisibles et la performance des stades antérieurs. Le cadre conceptuel est illustré à l'aide de six biographies d'entrepreneurs."
            "en" => "This paper outlines a constructivist framework for understanding the results of the entrepreneurial process. The core thesis of the paper is that, taken alone, neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment determine the result. Rather, it is argued that the result of the entrepreneurial process is emergent from a complex interaction between  the entrepreneur, the environment, chance events and prior performance. The framework is illustrated with evidence from biographies of six successful entrepreneurs."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      40 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2247
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4067"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4067"
          "slug" => "peut-on-diriger-avec-la-complexite-de-tout-simplisme"
          "yearMonth" => "2018-01"
          "year" => "2018"
          "title" => """
            Peut-on diriger avec la complexité ?\n
            de tout simplisme
            """
          "description" => """
            BOUCHIKHI, H. (2018). Peut-on diriger avec la complexité ?\n
            de tout simplisme. Dans: <i>Complexité et organisations : faire face aux défis de demain</i>. 1st ed. Eyrolles, pp. 157-172.
            """
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Complexité et organisations : faire face aux défis de demain"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "157-172"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      41 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2248
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4125"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4125"
          "slug" => "reduire-les-asymetries-dinformation-pour-developper-la-transmission-de-pme"
          "yearMonth" => "2010-01"
          "year" => "2010"
          "title" => "Réduire les asymétries d'information pour développer la transmission de PME"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2010). Réduire les asymétries d'information pour développer la transmission de PME. Dans: <i>Le grand livre de l'économie PME</i>. 1st ed. Gualino. Lextenso éditions, pp. 531-542."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Le grand livre de l'économie PME"
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Asymétries d'information"
            1 => "PME"
            2 => "Transmission"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "531-542"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Le développement d'un marché de la transmission de PME nécessite la réduction des asymétries d'information entre vendeurs et acheteurs. Le chapitre contient des recommandations pour la mise en place d'un cadre institutionnel favorable à la transmission de PME."
            "en" => "The development of a market for SME ownership requires the reduction of information asymmetries between sellers and buyers. The chapter recommends to policy makers and relevant actors an institutional framework aimed at facilitating the transfer of SME ownership."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      42 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2249
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4179"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4179"
          "slug" => "strategie-et-direction-generale"
          "yearMonth" => "2001-10"
          "year" => "2001"
          "title" => "Stratégie et direction générale"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2001). Stratégie et direction générale. Dans: <i>Invitation au management</i>. 1st ed. PUF, pp. 7-77."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Invitation au management"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "7-77"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce chapitre propose une introduction au management stratégique des entreprises. On y expose les principaux concepts et outils d'analyse stratégique ainsi qu'un cadre conceptuel pour la direction générale d'une entreprise."
            "en" => "The chapter offers an introduction to strategic management. The author discusses the basic concepts and tools of strategy analysis and introduces a framework for general management."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      43 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2250
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4183"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4183"
          "slug" => "structuration-des-organisations-et-competitivite-un-point-de-vue-constructiviste"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-01"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "Structuration des organisations et compétitivité : un point de vue constructiviste"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1995). Structuration des organisations et compétitivité : un point de vue constructiviste. Dans: <i>Management stratégique et compétitivité</i>. 1st ed. De Boeck, pp. 379-394."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Management stratégique et compétitivité"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "379-394"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La thèse centrale de ce texte est que la compétitivité d'une entreprise dépend, dans une large mesure, des comportements quotidiens de ses membres. Or, les comportements dépendent, mais sans être déterminés, des traits structurels du contexte organisationnel. L'auteur propose une approche constructiviste de la dynamique des traits structurels et en déduit quelques conséquences quant aux moyens par lesquels les dirigeants peuvent influencer les processus de structuration en cours dans leur organisation."
            "en" => "The core thesis of this paper is that competitive advantage is largely dependent on day-to-day patterns of behavior within organizations. Since members' behavior is influenced, but not constrained, by the organization's structural features, it is important to understand how structural features emerge, are re-produced and change over time. We propose a constructivist framework to deal with these dynamics and draw some practical implications on how managers can influence the structuring processes within their own organization."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      44 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2251
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4205"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4205"
          "slug" => "the-customized-workplace"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-01"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "The Customized Workplace"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1999). The Customized Workplace. Dans: <i>Management 21C</i>. 1st ed. Prentice Hall, pp. 207-219."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Management 21C"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-06 14:06:32"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "207-219"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Chapitres"
            "en" => "Book chapters"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "A quoi ressemblera l'entreprise du XXIème siècle ? Dans ce chapitre, les auteurs examinent les changements sociologiques qui obligent les entreprises à repenser leurs modes de fonctionnement. Alors qu'au XXème siècle, elles ont dû composer avec les contraintes économiques, les exigences des actionnaires et les besoins des clients, les entreprises se trouvent désormais confrontées à des travailleurs autonomes et proactifs qui entendent participer pleinement à la gestion de leur milieu de travail. Pour passer avec succès le cap de l'an 2000, les entreprises n'auront d'autre choix que de s'adapter aux besoins individuels de leurs employés et de leur offrir un environnement de travail "personnalisé"."
            "en" => "What will the 21st century company look like? In this chapter, the authors examine the ongoing social changes that are forcing companies to rethink the way they operate. While, during the 20th century, companies had to deal with economic constraints, the demands of shareholders and the needs of their clients, they will now have to face independent and proactive employees who intend to fully participate in the management of their work environment. In order to make it businesses into the new millennium successfully, buinesses, have no choice but to adapt to the individual needs of their employees and to provide them with a personalized work environment."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      45 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2252
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4350"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4350"
          "slug" => "adoption-of-innovative-hrd-in-indian-companies"
          "yearMonth" => "2003-12"
          "year" => "2003"
          "title" => "Adoption of Innovative HRD in Indian Companies"
          "description" => "SOM, A. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2003). Adoption of Innovative HRD in Indian Companies. Dans: <i>Human Resource Development in Asia: National Policy Perspectives</i>. AHRD, pp. 66-1-66-10."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "SOM Ashok"
              "bid" => "B00001502"
              "slug" => "som-ashok"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Human Resource Development in Asia: National Policy Perspectives"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "66-1-66-10"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Le rôle crucial de l'innovation gestionnaire dans le développement des ressources humaines stratégique deviennent de plus en plus répandu en affaires et littérature académique. Cependant, très peu d'études ont été effectuées dans un pays tel que l'Inde. Cette étude identifie les meneurs ayant adopté la pratique de stratégies innovatrices en ressources humaines (SHRD) dans des organisations indiennes. Cette étude est d'importance critique dans le contexte de la libéralisation de l'économie indienne qui a commencé en 1991. Les ajustements structuraux dus à la libéralisation ont créé un environnement hyper-concurrentiel et turbulent. Tiré de l'innovation et de la littérature de SHRD, ce rapport discute de cinq propositions principales de l'adoption des pratiques en matière innovatrices de SHRD dans des organisations  indiennes. La généralisation, l'applicabilité, l'acceptabilité et la diffusion des pratiques sont discutées."
            "en" => "The crucial role of managerial innovation in strategic human resource development is becoming increasingly prevalent in both business and academic literature. However, practically no such study has been undertaken in an emerging country scenario as India. This study identifies the drivers of adoption of innovative strategic human resource practices (SHRD) in Indian organizations. This study is of critical importance against the backdrop of the liberalization of the Indian economy which started in 1991. The structural adjustments due to liberalization have created a hyper-competitive and turbulent environment. Drawing from both innovation and SHRD literature this research report discusses five main propositions of adoption of innovative SHRD practices in Indian organizations. The generalisability, applicability, acceptability, and the diffusion of practices are discussed."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      46 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2253
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "4757"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "4757"
          "slug" => "large-french-firms-fdi-in-the-usa-radical-and-incremental-processes-associated-with-two-management-configurations"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-09"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "Large French Firms' FDI in the USA : Radical and Incremental Processes Associated with Two Management Configurations"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1992). Large French Firms' FDI in the USA : Radical and Incremental Processes Associated with Two Management Configurations. Dans: <i>The First International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management (IFSAM) Conference</i>. IFSAM, pp. 448-451."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "The First International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management (IFSAM) Conference"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "448-451"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Actes d'une conférence"
            "en" => "Conference Proceedings"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La communication montre que les entreprises françaises investissent aux USA selon un processus incrémental ou radical. On montre que ces processus sont associés à deux configurations managériales différentes."
            "en" => "Large French firms invest in the USA according to an incremental or a radical process. We show that each of these processes is associated with a different management configuration."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      47 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2254
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5288"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5288"
          "slug" => "a-constructivist-framework-for-understanding-entrepreneurship-performance"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-08"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1993). A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article procède à une revue de littérature portant sur la performance du processus entrepreneurial. Les carences des différentes théories sont discutées. Un cadre conceptuel constructiviste est proposé. Le résultat du processus entrepreneurial y est considéré comme émergeant d'interactions complexes entre l'entrepreneur, l'environnement, des aléas imprévisibles et la performance des stades antérieurs. Le cadre conceptuel est illustré à l'aide de six biographies d'entrepreneurs."
            "en" => "This paper outlines a constructivist framework for understanding the results of the entrepreneurial process. The core thesis of the paper is that, taken alone, neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment determine the result. Rather, it is argued that the result of the entrepreneurial process is emergent from a complex interaction between  the entrepreneur, the environment, chance events and prior performance. The framework is illustrated with evidence from biographies of six successful entrepreneurs."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      48 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2255
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5404"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5404"
          "slug" => "an-exploratory-and-comparative-study-of-ceos-career-mishaps-in-france-and-the-us"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-09"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "An Exploratory and Comparative Study of CEOs Career Mishaps in France and the US"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1993). An Exploratory and Comparative Study of CEOs Career Mishaps in France and the US."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La communication présente la problématique de recherche, la méthodologie ainsi que les premiers résultats d'une recherche comparative sur les accidents de carrière des dirigeants de grandes entreprises en France et aux USA."
            "en" => "The presentation introduces the research agenda, the methodological design and the preliminary findings of an ongoing research about career mishaps of CEOs of large firms in France and the USA."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      49 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2256
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5427"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5427"
          "slug" => "apprendre-a-diriger-en-dirigeant"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-09"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Apprendre à diriger en dirigeant"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). Apprendre à diriger en dirigeant."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      50 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2257
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5498"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5498"
          "slug" => "beyond-strategy-the-dimensions-and-dynamics-of-organizational-identity"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-10"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "Beyond Strategy : The Dimensions and Dynamics of Organizational Identity"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1995). Beyond Strategy : The Dimensions and Dynamics of Organizational Identity."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La thèse centrale de cette communication est que l'identité d'une organisation est une clef plus efficace que le concept classique de stratégie pour comprendre le comportement et les décisions dans les organisations. Nous proposons une définition des dimensions de l'identité organisationnelle et utilisons le cas d'une grande entreprise pour illustrer comment l'identité influence profondément les décisions relatives à l'internationalisation."
            "en" => "The core argument of this communication is that identity, more than the traditional concept of strategy, provides a powerful key to understand decisions and behavior in organizations. We define the dimensions of organizational identity and use the case of a large firm to illustrate the influence of identity on internationalization."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      51 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2258
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "5652"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "5652"
          "slug" => "coping-with-a-hostile-institutional-environment-the-role-of-organizational-identity"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-10"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "Coping with a Hostile Institutional Environment: The Role of Organizational Identity"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H., KIMBERLY, J. et BENSEDRINE, J. (1999). Coping with a Hostile Institutional Environment: The Role of Organizational Identity."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENSEDRINE J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce papier illustre comment l'identité organisationnelle influence la stratégie des entreprises sur une longue période. Nous étudions le développement de trois grandes chaînes françaises de distribution sur le dernier quart de siècle et montrons que, soumises aux mêmes contraintes institutionnelles limitant leurs options de développement, ces entreprises ont développé des stratégies fort contrastées et durables reflétant des traits profondément enracinés de leur identité."
            "en" => "This paper illustrates how OI shapes organizations' strategies over long time frames. We examine the development of three large French retailers over the last 25 years and show that while these organizations had to cope with the same institutional environment limiting their expansion options, the specific strategies they enacted to cope with this environment reflect deeply rooted idiosyncratic identities."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      52 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2259
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7786"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7786"
          "slug" => "compte-rendu-de-louvrage-la-constitution-de-la-societe"
          "yearMonth" => "1988-01"
          "year" => "1988"
          "title" => "Compte rendu de l'ouvrage "La constitution de la société""
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1988). Compte rendu de l'ouvrage "La constitution de la société". Sociologie du Travail, France."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:31:13"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "494-497"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Compte-rendus d'ouvrage"
            "en" => "Book reviews"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      53 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2260
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7819"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7819"
          "slug" => "la-tentation-americaine"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-11"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "La tentation américaine"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1998). La tentation américaine. Revue Française de Gestion, France."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:31:13"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "139"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Compte-rendus d'ouvrage"
            "en" => "Book reviews"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      54 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2261
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7834"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7834"
          "slug" => "organizing-modernity"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-01"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "Organizing Modernity"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1995). Organizing Modernity. Organization Studies, États-Unis."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:31:13"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "351-355"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Compte-rendus d'ouvrage"
            "en" => "Book reviews"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Revue scientifique"
            "en" => "Scientific journal"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      55 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2262
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7836"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7836"
          "slug" => "petit-traite-de-manipulation-a-lusage-des-honnetes-gens"
          "yearMonth" => "2004-01"
          "year" => "2004"
          "title" => "Petit traité de manipulation a l'usage des honnêtes gens"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2004). Petit traité de manipulation a l'usage des honnêtes gens. Manageris, France."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:31:13"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "18"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Compte-rendus d'ouvrage"
            "en" => "Book reviews"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      56 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2263
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7865"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7865"
          "slug" => "a-constructivist-framework-for-understanding-entrepreneurship-performance"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-09"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1992). <i>A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article procède à une revue de littérature portant sur la performance du processus entrepreneurial. Les carences des différentes théories sont discutées. Un cadre conceptuel constructiviste est proposé. Le résultat du processus entrepreneurial y est considéré comme émergeant d'interactions complexes entre l'entrepreneur, l'environnement, des aléas imprévisibles et la performance des stades antérieurs. Le cadre conceptuel est illustré à l'aide de six biographies d'entrepreneurs."
            "en" => "This paper outlines a constructivist framework of understanding the outcomes of the entrepreneurial process. The core thesis of the paper is that, taken alone, neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment determine the outcome. Rather, it is argued that the outcome of the entrepreneurial process is emergent from a complex interaction between  the entrepreneur, the environment, chance events and prior performance. The framework is illustrated with evidence from biographies of six entrepreneurs involved in successful processes."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      57 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2264
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7891"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7891"
          "slug" => "alliances-as-social-facts-a-constructivist-theory-of-interorganizational-collaboration"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-10"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "Alliances as Social Facts: A Constructivist Theory of Interorganizational Collaboration"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H., ROND(DE), M. et LEROUX, V. (1998). <i>Alliances as Social Facts: A Constructivist Theory of Interorganizational Collaboration</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "name" => "ROND(DE"
              "bid" => " M."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "LEROUX V."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La recherche sur les alliances a été jusqu'à présent dominée par deux questions complémentaires, à savoir : quelles sont les étapes de déroulement des alliances et quelles sont les tâches requises pour leur bon ménagement ? Cet article considère que cette problématique ne permet pas de bien saisir la dynamique des alliances et propose une théorie constructive où les alliances sont considérées comme des faits sociaux dont la structure est continuellement soumise à des forces de convergence et de divergence nourries par une multitude de facteurs internes et externes aux entreprises considérées."
            "en" => "Research on strategic alliances has mostly sought to identify phases along with managerial tasks. We believe that studying alliances from an exclusively managerial lens does not allow for a good understanding of dynamics of alliances. We introduce a constructivist framework, grounded in Piaget's constructivist structuralism and Gidden's structuration theory, which views alliances as social facts having their own structure and continuously subject to forces of convergence and divergence fed by multiple endogenous and exogenous factors."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      58 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2265
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7909"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7909"
          "slug" => "apprendre-a-diriger-en-dirigeant"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-03"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "Apprendre à diriger en dirigeant"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1991). <i>Apprendre à diriger en dirigeant</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Par quels processus les dirigeants apprennent-ils à diriger ? L'auteur répond qu'ils apprennent à diriger en dirigeant. Il met en évidence quelques régularités de ces processus d'apprentissage tirées de la lecture d'une dizaine de biographies de dirigeants-fondateurs de grandes entreprises en France et ailleurs."
            "en" => "How do managers learn to manage their organizations ? The author attempts to show that they learn to manage by managing. Common points observed among the learning processes of ten well known managers are presented with the empirical data being drawn from available biographies."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      59 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2266
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7978"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7978"
          "slug" => "de-lentrepreneur-au-gestionnaire-et-du-gestionnaire-a-lentrepreneur"
          "yearMonth" => "2001-12"
          "year" => "2001"
          "title" => "De l'entrepreneur au gestionnaire et du gestionnaire à l'entrepreneur"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2001). <i>De l'entrepreneur au gestionnaire et du gestionnaire à l'entrepreneur</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce texte rejette l'opposition traditionnelle entre entrepreneurs et gestionnaires, largement véhiculée dans les milieux académiques et médiatiques et pourtant jamais validée scientifiquement. L'auteur soutient que les évolutions récentes, aussi bien dans les grandes entreprises que dans l'univers des start-ups, obligent les individus à développer une double compétence entrepreneuriale et managériale."
            "en" => "The paper stands against the traditional opposition between entrepreneurs and managers, widely held in academic and mediatic circles and never proven scientifically. The author argues that recent evolutions in established firms and in the start up arena create the need for individuals to develop both entrepreneurial and managerial skills."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      60 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2267
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8026"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8026"
          "slug" => "etude-dun-processus-de-structuration-autour-des-micro-ordinateurs-comme-contribution-a-une-approche-constructiviste-des-organisations"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-02"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Etude d'un processus de structuration autour des micro-ordinateurs comme contribution à une approche constructiviste des organisations"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). <i>Etude d'un processus de structuration autour des micro-ordinateurs comme contribution à une approche constructiviste des organisations</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      61 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2268
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8073"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8073"
          "slug" => "in-pursuit-of-deep-equivalence-studying-ceo-career-mishaps-accidents-de-carriere-in-france-and-the-united-states"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-08"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "In Pursuit of "Deep Equivalence" : Studying CEO Career Mishaps/Accidents de Carrière in France and the United States"
          "description" => "ROSENZWEIG, P.M., KIMBERLY, J. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (1993). <i>In Pursuit of "Deep Equivalence" : Studying CEO Career Mishaps/Accidents de Carrière in France and the United States</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "ROSENZWEIG P.M."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La recherche en management international privilégie traditionnellement soit la compréhension profonde d'un seul pays, soit la comparaison entre plusieurs pays. La recherche tend alors à être soit purement idiographique sans possibilités de comparaison, soit nomothétique, privilégiant l'équivalence des variables entre les pays mais en sacrifiant la compréhension profonde du contexte national. Cet article décrit une troisième approche orientée vers ce que nous appelons "l'équivalence profonde". La poursuite de cet objectif implique la compréhension profonde des contextes nationaux et, en même temps, une approche comparative systématique et rigoureuse en ce qui concerne la collecte et le traitement des données. Nous illustrons cette approche à l'aide d'une recherche que nous menons sur les accidents de carrière des grands dirigeants en France et aux Etats-Unis. Nous montrons comment, à différentes étapes du processus de recherche, nous équilibrons besoin de comparabilité de nos données et de compréhension profonde du contexte dans chacun des deux pays."
            "en" => "International management research typically pursues one of two objectives : depth of understanding in a single country or comparisons between or among two or more countries. Hence, the research tends either to be idiographic, focusing in depth on structures, processes, or management practices in a particular country but not allowing for comparisons across countries , or it is nomothetic, stressing equivalence among variables across countries, but at the cost of a deep understanding of the national context. This paper describes a third approach, the pursuit of what we call "deep equivalence". Pursuit of this objective involves an in-depth, contextual orientation in the research process while retaining a systematic and rigorous comparative approach to data gathering and analysis. It is illustrated with reference to a study of mishaps in the careers of CEOs in France and the United States, showing how at several stages in the research process, the need for equivalence in cross-national comparison is balanced by  the need for a deep understanding of the context of each country. Guidelines for those undertaking management research which crosses national borders are suggested."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      62 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2269
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8074"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8074"
          "slug" => "in-search-of-substance-content-and-dynamics-of-organizational-identity"
          "yearMonth" => "1998-10"
          "year" => "1998"
          "title" => "In Search of Substance: Content and Dynamics of Organizational Identity"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1998). <i>In Search of Substance: Content and Dynamics of Organizational Identity</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article propose de définir l’identité organisationnelle (IO) comme une configuration objective de quatre dimensions stables, centrales et distinctives représentant des réponses aux questions : pourquoi (les objectifs), qui (les membres), quoi (le métier de base) et comment (les principes opératoires).  Nous explorons la formation de l’IO ainsi que les manières dont les membres s’y réfèrent. La dynamique de l’IO reflète le jeu permanent entre forces de convergence et divergence dans, et entre, ses composantes. Nous affirmons que la possibilité et le degré de changement dans l’IO est fonction du pouvoir relatif de ces forces."
            "en" => "This paper defines organizational identity (OI) as an objective,  observable configuration of four enduring, central, and distinctive components answering four foundational questions: why (purpose), who (people), what (core business), and how (operating principles). The origins of OI are explored, as are the ways in which organizational members relate to it. Forces of convergence and divergence in and among its components shape the dynamics of OI. We contend that the extent to which identity changes  depends on the balance of power between these forces."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      63 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2270
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8117"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8117"
          "slug" => "la-conquete-du-marche-americain-sun-tzu-contre-clausewitz"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-04"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "La conquête du marché américain : Sun Tzu contre Clausewitz."
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1991). <i>La conquête du marché américain : Sun Tzu contre Clausewitz.</i> ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La stratégie militaire exerce actuellement un fort attrait sur les spécialistes de stratégie d'entreprise. Tirant quelques enseignements d'un cas exemplaire, les auteurs montrent que les processus d'internationalisation offrent un terrain où les concepts de la stratégie militaire peuvent stimuler la réflexion théorique et, peut-être, éclairer les pratiques."
            "en" => "Military strategy has been exerting a growing influence on scholars in the field of business strategy. The authors show that internationalisation processes provide the means by which military strategy can stimulate stategic business thinking and, perhaps, enlighten practitioners."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      64 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2271
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8153"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8153"
          "slug" => "lautre-facette-du-metier-de-patron-une-enquete-sur-les-accidents-de-carriere-des-dirigeants"
          "yearMonth" => "1996-11"
          "year" => "1996"
          "title" => "L'autre facette du métier de patron : une enquête sur les accidents de carrière des dirigeants"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1996). <i>L'autre facette du métier de patron : une enquête sur les accidents de carrière des dirigeants</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cet article présente les conclusions d'une recherche sur les accidents de carrière des dirigeants de grandes entreprises en France. La recherche a porté sur une centaine de révocations de PDG, complétée par des entretiens avec une dizaine de dirigeants de cabinets de "chasseurs de têtes" et une vingtaine de dirigeants ayant vécu une rupture de carrière. Les résultats de la recherche sont présentés sous forme de réponses à trois questions : pourquoi révoque-t-on un PDG ? Comment s'y prend-on ? Et qu'arrive-t-il aux PDG après un accident de carrière ?"
            "en" => "This paper reports the results of a research on CEOs' dismissal in large French firms. We have collected data on one hundred cases and interviewed ten managers of "head-hunting" firms and twenty CEOs who experienced a forced departure. The conclusions of the research are presented in the form of answers to three major questions : Why are CEOs dismissed ? How are they dismissed ? And what becomes of deposed CEOs ?"
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      65 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2272
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8166"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8166"
          "slug" => "le-management-bureauganique-ou-comment-reconcilier-le-clan-avec-la-bureaucratie"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-06"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "Le management "bureauganique" : ou comment réconcilier le clan avec la bureaucratie"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1992). <i>Le management "bureauganique" : ou comment réconcilier le clan avec la bureaucratie</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Depuis la seconde moitié des années 80, beaucoup de théoriciens du management se sont engagés dans la critique du  "management professionnel" et dans  l'éloge d'un management organique. Or, plusieurs observations tendent à prouver que les fonctionnements sur le modèle du clan ont des faiblesses non moins graves que celles des fonctionnements bureaucratiques. Cherchant une synthèse entre ces deux modèles habituellement opposés, les auteurs proposent le concept de "management bureauganique" pour réunir les avantages du clan et de la bureaucratie, l'un minimisant les effets pervers de l'autre. Une étude de cas montre comment un mode de management bureauganique peut être mis en place et comment les dirigeants peuvent résister à la tendance des organisations à secréter  toujours plus de bureaucratie à mesure qu'elles se développent."
            "en" => "Since the second half of the 80s, many management  theorists have been criticizing the "professional management"  model and celebrating a more organic management. But, evidence accumalated in the recent years shows that organic management is not necessarily better than bureaucratic management. The authors refuse to look at bureaucratic and organic management as mutually exclusive. "Bureauganic management" means that a long term effective management contains both bureaucratic and organic components, each one equilibrating the negative side effects of the other.  A case study illustrates how a bureauganic management may be implemented  and how  managers can resist the tendency of organizations to generate more and more bureaucracy as they grow."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      66 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2273
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8168"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8168"
          "slug" => "le-management-ne-peut-il-donc-etre-francais"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-12"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "Le management ne peut-il donc être français ?"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H., BERRY, M. et KIMBERLY, J. (1992). <i>Le management ne peut-il donc être français ?</i> ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BERRY M."
            ]
            2 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Il règne, depuis longtemps, en France une croyance selon laquelle les bonnes manières de diriger des entreprises ne peuvent venir que d'ailleurs. Pourtant, il existe plusieurs entreprises françaises, grandes ou petites, dont les performances sont enviées à l'étranger. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur les raisons du scepticisme des Français vis-à-vis de leurs réussites et indiquent quelques pistes pour réconcilier la recherche en gestion avec l'étude des réussites alors qu'elle s'est, jusqu'à présent, nourrie de l'observation des dysfonctionnements de quelques grandes entreprises, le plus souvent publiques."
            "en" => "The paper asks why so many people in France believe that "good management" is to be imported from elsewhere. We identify multiple actors whose actions and opinions reinforce such a belief. Yet, there are many outstanding French firms - small and large - which are not managed according to standard American or Japanese management principles. We conclude advocating a research agenda driven by the observation of healthy French organizations in order to generate useful insights about management in France."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      67 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2274
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8169"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8169"
          "slug" => "le-micro-ordinateur-dans-lentreprise-du-plaisir-a-la-norme"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-01"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Le micro-ordinateur dans l'entreprise : du plaisir à la norme"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). <i>Le micro-ordinateur dans l'entreprise : du plaisir à la norme</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      68 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2275
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8229"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8229"
          "slug" => "living-with-and-building-on-complexity-a-constructivist-perspective-on-organizations"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-01"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "Living with and Building on Complexity: A Constructivist Perspective on Organizations"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1997). <i>Living with and Building on Complexity: A Constructivist Perspective on Organizations</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce  texte articule une théorie des organisations basée sur les postulats d'indétermination, de multi-directionnalité et de contradiction des comportements humains dans les contextes organisationnels. En accord avec ces postulats, le texte propose une perspective constructiviste sur les questions centrales de persistence, d'équilibration et de structuration des organisations. L'approche constructiviste est une tentative d'intégration de théories existantes, souvent considérées comme irréconciliables et non comparables, dans le cadre d'une méta-théorie complexe des organisations."
            "en" => "The paper introduces a theory of organizations built on the assumption that human behavior in organizational settings is relatively undetermined, multi-directional, and contradictory. Consistent with this assumption, the paper proposes a constructivist perspective on organizational persistence, equilibration, and structuration. The constructivist perspective is an attempt at integrating existing theories, often considered organisation as contradictory, with in a complex  framework."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      69 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2276
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8265"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8265"
          "slug" => "micro-processes-and-isomorphic-adaptation-insights-from-the-struggle-for-the-soul-of-economics-at-the-university-of-the-holy-spirit"
          "yearMonth" => "2014-04"
          "year" => "2014"
          "title" => "Micro Processes and Isomorphic Adaptation: Insights from the Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of the Holy Spirit"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J.R. (2014). <i>Micro Processes and Isomorphic Adaptation: Insights from the Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of the Holy Spirit</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J. R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => """
              As of July 1, 2010, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of the Holy Spirit (UHS) has a single Department of Economics. However, in the seven prior years, there were two economics departments, one that was resolutely mainstream and the other that was just as resolutely heterodox. What accounts for this unusual organizational arrangement?\n
              We show that this arrangement was part of a protracted conflict about the kind of economics that befits the Catholic identity of UHS that resulted, ultimately, in a full embrace of mainstream economics in July 2010. We draw on and amend Oliver’s (1991) typology of organizational responses to institutional processes and investigate why and how UHS went from deliberate avoidance to full acquiescence to mainstream economics. Our analysis suggests that while organizations may be compelled to adapt to dominant norms, as institutional theorists contend, the process of adaptation involves a variety of conflicting moves and counter moves that engage identity and power and that require forceful leadership to resolve.
              """
            "en" => """
              As of July 1, 2010, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of the Holy Spirit (UHS) has a single Department of Economics. However, in the seven prior years, there were two economics departments, one that was resolutely mainstream and the other that was just as resolutely heterodox. What accounts for this unusual organizational arrangement?\n
              We show that this arrangement was part of a protracted conflict about the kind of economics that befits the Catholic identity of UHS that resulted, ultimately, in a full embrace of mainstream economics in July 2010. We draw on and amend Oliver’s (1991) typology of organizational responses to institutional processes and investigate why and how UHS went from deliberate avoidance to full acquiescence to mainstream economics. Our analysis suggests that while organizations may be compelled to adapt to dominant norms, as institutional theorists contend, the process of adaptation involves a variety of conflicting moves and counter moves that engage identity and power and that require forceful leadership to resolve.
              """
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      70 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2277
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8418"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8418"
          "slug" => "structuration-des-organisations-concepts-constructivistes-et-etude-de-cas"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-01"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Structuration des organisations : concepts constructivistes et étude de cas"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). <i>Structuration des organisations : concepts constructivistes et étude de cas</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      71 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2278
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8419"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8419"
          "slug" => "structuration-des-organisations-et-competitivite-un-point-de-vue-constructiviste"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-03"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Structuration des organisations et compétitivité : un point de vue constructiviste"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1994). <i>Structuration des organisations et compétitivité : un point de vue constructiviste</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La thèse centrale de ce texte est que la compétitivité d'une entreprise dépend, dans une large mesure, des comportements quotidiens de ses membres. Or, les comportements dépendent, mais sans être déterminés, des traits structurels du contexte organisationnel. L'auteur propose une approche constructiviste de la dynamique des traits structurels et en déduit quelques conséquences quant aux moyens par lesquels les dirigeants peuvent influencer les processus de structuration en cours dans leur organisation."
            "en" => "The core thesis of this paper is that competitive advantage is largely dependent on day-to-day patterns of behavior within organizations. Since members' behavior is influenced, but not constrained, by the organization's structural traits, it is important to understand how structural traits emerge, are re-produced and change over time. We propose a constructivist framework to deal with these dynamics and draw some practical implications on how managers can influence the structuration processes within their organization."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      72 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2279
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8445"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8445"
          "slug" => "the-customized-workplace-a-new-management-paradigm-for-the-21th-century"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-03"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "The Customized Workplace: A New Management Paradigm for the 21th Century"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J.R. (1999). <i>The Customized Workplace: A New Management Paradigm for the 21th Century</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J.R."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce texte fait partie d'un ouvrage collectif publié en 1999 par le Financial Times sur le thème "Management du 21ème siècle : Nouvelles idées pour le nouveau millénaire". Les auteurs y présentent un modèle de management articulé autour du concept de "l'entreprise à la carte"."
            "en" => "This text is a contribution to a collective book published by the Financial Times in 1999 around the theme "Management in the 21th Century: New Ideas for the New Millenimum". The authors explore a new management model "The Customized Workplace"."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      73 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2280
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8450"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8450"
          "slug" => "the-dynamics-of-organizational-development-and-change-how-the-past-shapes-the-present-and-constrains-the-future"
          "yearMonth" => "1992-04"
          "year" => "1992"
          "title" => "The Dynamics of Organizational Development and Change : How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future."
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1992). <i>The Dynamics of Organizational Development and Change : How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future.</i> ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 21:00:33"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Pour illustrer une théorie du changement centrée sur l'étude des processus, le papier examine la biographie d'une organisation novatrice confrontée à des pressions tant internes qu'externes vers un management plus bureaucratique et,  montre comment le dirigeant adapte l'organisation tout en préservant un mode de management original."
            "en" => "The paper contains a process oriented theory of organizational change. The framework is supported by the biography of an innovative organization confronted with internal and external pressures for a bureaucratized management system. The paper shows how the leader adapts the organization and maintains innovative management practices."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      74 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2281
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8516"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8516"
          "slug" => "vers-une-approche-constructiviste-des-structures-organisationnelles"
          "yearMonth" => "1990-01"
          "year" => "1990"
          "title" => "Vers une approche constructiviste des structures organisationnelles"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1990). <i>Vers une approche constructiviste des structures organisationnelles</i>. ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      75 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2282
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8519"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8519"
          "slug" => "what-drives-the-adoption-of-shrm-in-indian-companies"
          "yearMonth" => "2003-04"
          "year" => "2003"
          "title" => "What Drives the Adoption of SHRM in Indian Companies?"
          "description" => "SOM, A. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2003). <i>What Drives the Adoption of SHRM in Indian Companies?</i> ESSEC Business School."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "SOM Ashok"
              "bid" => "B00001502"
              "slug" => "som-ashok"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Documents de travail"
            "en" => "Working Papers"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'innovation gestionnaire et son importance critique dans des affaires globales d'aujourd'hui est bien documentée. Le rôle crucial de l'innovation gestionnaire dans la gestion des ressources humaines stratégique deviennent de plus en plus répandu en affaires et littérature académique. Cependant, très peu d'études ont été effectuées dans un pays tel que l'Inde. Cette étude identifie les meneurs ayant adopté la pratique de stratégies innovatrices en ressources humaines (SHRM) dans des organisations indiennes. Cette étude est d'importance critique dans le contexte de la libéralisation de l'économie indienne qui a commencé en 1991. Les ajustements structuraux dus à la libéralisation ont créé un environnement hyper-concurrentiel et turbulent. Tirer de l'innovation et de la littérature de SHRM ce rapport discute de cinq propositions principales de l'adoption des pratiques en matière innovatrices de SHRM dans des organisations  indiennes. La généralisation, l'applicabilité, l'acceptabilité et la diffusion des pratiques sont discutés."
            "en" => "Managerial innovation and its critical importance in today's global business is well documented. The crucial role of managerial innovation in strategic human resource management is becoming increasingly prevalent in both business and academic literature. However, practically no such study has been undertaken in an emerging country scenario as India. This study identifies the drivers of adoption of innovative strategic human resource practices (SHRM) in Indian organizations. This study is of critical importance against the backdrop of the liberalization of the Indian economy which started in 1991. The structural adjustments due to liberalization have created a hyper-competitive and turbulent environment. Drawing from both innovation and SHRM literature this research report discusses five main propositions of adoption of innovative SHRM practices in Indian organizations. The generalisability, applicability, acceptability, and the diffusion of practices are discussed."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      76 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2283
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8578"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8578"
          "slug" => "structuration-du-social-et-modernite-avancee-autour-des-travaux-danthony-giddens"
          "yearMonth" => "1993-01"
          "year" => "1993"
          "title" => "Structuration du social et modernité avancée : autour des travaux d'Anthony Giddens"
          "description" => "AUDET, M. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (1993). Structuration du social et modernité avancée : autour des travaux d'Anthony Giddens. Presses de l'Université Laval, Canada."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "AUDET M."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur d'actes de conférence"
            "en" => "Conference proceedings editor"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Editeur"
            "en" => "Publisher"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Réunis autour des travaux d'Anthony Giddens, les auteurs proposent des contributions sur des dimensions cruciales de la période contemporaine : capitalisme, industrialisme, surveillance, contrôle des moyens de violence, identité de soi, confiance et risque, globalisation, espace-temps et bien d'autres encore."
            "en" => "The contributors discuss some of the most important dimensions of late modernity as theorized by Anthony Giddens. Chapters of the book address the issues of capitalism, industrialism, surveillance, control of means of violence, identity, trust and risk, globalization, time-space and some other related issues."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      77 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2284
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "8971"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "8971"
          "slug" => "le-business-plan-est-aussi-un-vecteur-dapprentissage"
          "yearMonth" => "2008-06"
          "year" => "2008"
          "title" => "Le "business plan" est aussi un vecteur d'apprentissage"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2008). Le "business plan" est aussi un vecteur d'apprentissage. <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 10-11."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "10-11"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "De nombreuses idées reçues conduisent à minorer l'intérêt, pour l'entrepreneur, de la démarche de "business planning". L'auteur montre, au contraire, que, bien comprise, elle est très profitable, en stimulant notamment la créativité. Il donne enfin des conseils fructueux pour construire un bon "business plan"."
            "en" => "De nombreuses idées reçues conduisent à minorer l'intérêt, pour l'entrepreneur, de la démarche de "business planning". L'auteur montre, au contraire, que, bien comprise, elle est très profitable, en stimulant notamment la créativité. Il donne enfin des conseils fructueux pour construire un bon "business plan"."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      78 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2285
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "9001"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "9001"
          "slug" => "le-jeu-des-identites-dans-la-transmission-dentreprise"
          "yearMonth" => "2008-06"
          "year" => "2008"
          "title" => "Le jeu des identités dans la transmission d'entreprise"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2008). Le jeu des identités dans la transmission d'entreprise. <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 6-7."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "6-7"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La transmission d 'une entrepirse perturbe fortement les identités du vendeur, du repreneur et de l'entreprise elle-même. Pour qu'elle soit réussie, elle doit s'accompagner d'"ajustements identitaires". Le cédant doit ainsi savoir se détacher de sa PME. Cette dernière doit acquérir sa propre identité pour continuer à vivre sans lui. L'acheteur, enfin, doit se mettre dans la peau d'un chef d'entreprise."
            "en" => "La transmission d 'une entrepirse perturbe fortement les identités du vendeur, du repreneur et de l'entreprise elle-même. Pour qu'elle soit réussie, elle doit s'accompagner d'"ajustements identitaires". Le cédant doit ainsi savoir se détacher de sa PME. Cette dernière doit acquérir sa propre identité pour continuer à vivre sans lui. L'acheteur, enfin, doit se mettre dans la peau d'un chef d'entreprise."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      79 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2286
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "9172"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "9172"
          "slug" => "ne-changez-pas-de-strategie-changez-didentite"
          "yearMonth" => "2000-04"
          "year" => "2000"
          "title" => "Ne changez pas de stratégie, changez d'identité !"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2000). Ne changez pas de stratégie, changez d'identité ! <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 8-9."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "8-9"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'avenir appartiendra désormais aux dirigeants qui sauront reconnaître quand leur entreprise a besoin de changer d'identité, sans perdre un temps précieux à chercher des réponses inefficaces au niveau de l'organisation de la stratégie."
            "en" => "From now on, the Future will belong to managers who will be able to recognize when they need to question their company's identity without wasting too much time on trying organizational or strategic changes."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      80 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2287
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "9282"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "9282"
          "slug" => "stimuler-lesprit-dentreprise-dans-les-grandes-firmes"
          "yearMonth" => "2006-06"
          "year" => "2006"
          "title" => "Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise dans les grandes firmes"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2006). Stimuler l'esprit d'entreprise dans les grandes firmes. <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 2-4."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => array:3 [
            0 => "Entrepreneuriat"
            1 => "Innovation"
            2 => "Management"
          ]
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "2-4"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Paradoxe. D'un côté, les salariés des grandes entreprises sont invités à prendre des initiatives. De l'autre, ils se heurtent à des modes de management sclérosants, fondés sur le contrôle, par la hiérarchie. Comment surmonter cette contradiction ?"
            "en" => "Employees of large firms are on the receiving end of a paradoxical injunction. They are urged to take initiative and behave like entrepreneurs. On the other hand, the management of large firms is still rooted in hierarchical control. How can well intentioned managers overcome this contradiction?"
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      81 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2288
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "9344"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "9344"
          "slug" => "vers-lemergence-dun-marche-de-la-pme"
          "yearMonth" => "2008-06"
          "year" => "2008"
          "title" => "Vers l'émergence d'un marché de la PME"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2008). Vers l'émergence d'un marché de la PME. <i>Les Echos</i>, pp. 10-11."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => "10-11"
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'un des freins au développement d'un véritable marché de la PME est la persistance d'une double asymétrie d'information entre acheteurs et vendeurs. D'autres marchés, comme celui des voitures d'occasion ou de l'introduction en Bourse, ont réussi à surmonter ce problème. A partir de ces deux exemples, l'auteur avance des pistes pour mettre en place un cadre institutionnel favorable à un marché de la PME."
            "en" => "L'un des freins au développement d'un véritable marché de la PME est la persistance d'une double asymétrie d'information entre acheteurs et vendeurs. D'autres marchés, comme celui des voitures d'occasion ou de l'introduction en Bourse, ont réussi à surmonter ce problème. A partir de ces deux exemples, l'auteur avance des pistes pour mettre en place un cadre institutionnel favorable à un marché de la PME."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      82 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2289
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "9352"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "9352"
          "slug" => "william-kriegel-un-autodidacte-a-la-conquete-de-lamerique"
          "yearMonth" => "1997-10"
          "year" => "1997"
          "title" => "William Kriegel : un autodidacte à la conquête de l'Amérique"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1997). William Kriegel : un autodidacte à la conquête de l'Amérique. <i>Les Echos</i>."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2020-12-17 18:37:46"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Articles ou vidéos de vulgarisation"
            "en" => "Press article, video or other popular media"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Presse"
            "en" => "Press"
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "L'article fait partie d'un dossier réalisé par Les Echos sur l'art d'entreprendre. Hamid Bouchikhi et John Kimberly y relatent l'expérience d'un entrepreneur français William Kriegel, qui a pu en quelques années conquérir le leadership de la production indépendante d'énergie aux USA."
            "en" => "The article is part of a series published by Les Echos on the art of entrepreneurship. Hamid Bouchikhi and John Kimberly report on the experience of William Kriegel, a French entrepreneur who has secured, within a few years, a leadership position in independant energy production in the USA."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      83 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2290
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6118"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6118"
          "slug" => "how-an-organizations-identity-shapes-its-internationalization-processes"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-08"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "How an Organization's Identity Shapes its Internationalization Processes"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1994). How an Organization's Identity Shapes its Internationalization Processes."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "La communication passe en revue la littérature sur l'internationalisation de la firme, introduit le concept d'identité organisationnelle et montre comment elle influence l'internationalisation d'un échantillon de grandes entreprises françaises."
            "en" => "The paper contains a discussion of the literature on the internationalization of the firm, introduces the concept of organizational identity and shows how it shapes the internationalization of a sample of large French firms."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      84 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2291
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6128"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6128"
          "slug" => "how-identity-and-power-shape-an-organizations-responses-to-isomorphic-pressures"
          "yearMonth" => "2011-08"
          "year" => "2011"
          "title" => "How Identity and Power Shape an Organization’s Responses to Isomorphic Pressures"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2011). How Identity and Power Shape an Organization’s Responses to Isomorphic Pressures. Dans: Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2011."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2011"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      85 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2292
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6134"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6134"
          "slug" => "how-organizations-change-in-response-to-institutional-processes"
          "yearMonth" => "2011-09"
          "year" => "2011"
          "title" => "How Organizations Change in Response to Institutional Processes"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2011). How Organizations Change in Response to Institutional Processes. Dans: 6th Colloquium on Organizational Change and Development: Advances, Challenges and Contradictions."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "6th Colloquium on Organizational Change and Development: Advances, Challenges and Contradictions"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      86 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2293
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6196"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6196"
          "slug" => "institutional-entrepreneurs-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-08"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "Institutional Entrepreneurs Between a Rock and a Hard Place"
          "description" => "KODEIH, F. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2012). Institutional Entrepreneurs Between a Rock and a Hard Place. Dans: 2012 Academy of Management Annual Meeting."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KODEIH F."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "2012 Academy of Management Annual Meeting"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      87 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2294
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6197"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6197"
          "slug" => "institutional-entrepreneurship-between-a-rock-and-a-hard-place-how-organizational-identity-and-a-dominant-norm-failed-an-institutional-innovation"
          "yearMonth" => "2010-06"
          "year" => "2010"
          "title" => "Institutional Entrepreneurship Between a Rock and a Hard Place: How Organizational Identity and a Dominant Norm Failed an Institutional Innovation"
          "description" => "KODEIH, F. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2010). Institutional Entrepreneurship Between a Rock and a Hard Place: How Organizational Identity and a Dominant Norm Failed an Institutional Innovation."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KODEIH F."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      88 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2295
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6261"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6261"
          "slug" => "jusquou-peut-on-sinspirer-des-concepts-de-piaget-pour-reflechir-sur-les-organisations"
          "yearMonth" => "1989-10"
          "year" => "1989"
          "title" => "Jusqu'où peut-on s'inspirer  des concepts de Piaget pour réflechir sur les organisations ?"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1989). Jusqu'où peut-on s'inspirer  des concepts de Piaget pour réflechir sur les organisations ?"
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      89 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2296
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6285"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6285"
          "slug" => "la-conquete-du-marche-americain-sun-tzu-contre-clausewitz"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-10"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "La conquête du marché américain : Sun Tzu contre Clausewitz"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1991). La conquête du marché américain : Sun Tzu contre Clausewitz."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      90 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2297
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6370"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6370"
          "slug" => "large-french-firms-entry-strategies-on-the-us-market-lessons-from-western-and-oriental-military-strategy"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-12"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "Large French Firms Entry Strategies on the US Market : Lessons from Western and Oriental Military Strategy"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1991). Large French Firms Entry Strategies on the US Market : Lessons from Western and Oriental Military Strategy."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      91 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2298
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6488"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6488"
          "slug" => "les-entreprises-japonaises-face-a-la-crise-americanisation-des-modes-de-gestion-ou-preservation-de-la-specificite-japonaise"
          "yearMonth" => "1995-08"
          "year" => "1995"
          "title" => "Les entreprises japonaises face à la crise : américanisation des modes de gestion ou préservation de la spécificité japonaise ?"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1995). Les entreprises japonaises face à la crise : américanisation des modes de gestion ou préservation de la spécificité japonaise ?"
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Les entreprises japonaises font face à la récession économique la plus sévère depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale. La communication montre qu'il existe un débat profond dans le pays entre les partisans d'une adaptation aux nouvelles données de l'économie mondiale et ceux qui défendent la préservation des modes de management à la japonaise. Les observations recueillies sur un échantillon de grandes entreprises montrent que les dirigeants cherchent un compromis entre les deux thèses. L'épargne accumulée pendant les décennies 70-80 permet, pour l'instant, de concilier les deux objectifs."
            "en" => "Japanese firms are experiencing the deepest recession since the Second World War. The paper highlights the ongoing controversy in Japan between advocates of adaptation to the new realities of the global economy and those who insist on keeping the foundations of Japanese management. Observations of a sample of large Japanese firms show that managers are seeking a compromise between these conflicting theses. The accumulation of huge savings by large firms  in the 70s and 80s enables managers to reconcile the two imperatives."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      92 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2299
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6594"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6594"
          "slug" => "making-one-out-of-many-identity-integration-in-the-wake-of-mergers-and-acquisitions"
          "yearMonth" => "2010-09"
          "year" => "2010"
          "title" => "Making One Out of many Identity Integration in the Wake of Mergers and Acquisitions"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2010). Making One Out of many Identity Integration in the Wake of Mergers and Acquisitions. Dans: 13th ICIG Symposium."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "13th ICIG Symposium"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      93 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2300
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6630"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6630"
          "slug" => "managing-identity-in-the-information-age-new-demands-create-new-challenges"
          "yearMonth" => "2018-06"
          "year" => "2018"
          "title" => "Managing Identity in the Information Age: New Demands Create New Challenges"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (2018). Managing Identity in the Information Age: New Demands Create New Challenges. Dans: 20th Symposium of the International Corporate Identity Group (ICIG) 2018."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "20th Symposium of the International Corporate Identity Group (ICIG) 2018"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-09-24 10:33:27"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      94 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2301
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6788"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6788"
          "slug" => "on-transgressive-leadership-and-organizational-change"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-11"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "On Transgressive Leadership and Organizational Change"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2012). On Transgressive Leadership and Organizational Change. Dans: 2nd International Conference on Responsible Leadership."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "2nd International Conference on Responsible Leadership"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      95 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2302
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6839"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6839"
          "slug" => "organizational-identities-and-strategies-in-the-french-retailing-industry"
          "yearMonth" => "1999-08"
          "year" => "1999"
          "title" => "Organizational Identities and Strategies in the French Retailing Industry"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et BENSEDRINE, J. (1999). Organizational Identities and Strategies in the French Retailing Industry."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "BENSEDRINE J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Ce papier illustre comment l'identité organisationnelle influence la stratégie des entreprises sur une longue période. Nous étudions le développement de trois grandes chaînes françaises de distribution sur le dernier quart de siècle et montrons que, soumises aux mêmes contraintes institutionnelles limitant leurs options de développement, ces entreprises ont développé des stratégies fort contrastées et durables reflétant des traits profondément enracinés de leur identité."
            "en" => "This paper illustrates how OI shapes organizations' strategies over long time frames. We examine the development of three large French retailers over the last 25 years and show that while these organizations had to cope with the same institutional environment limiting their expansion options, the specific strategies they enacted to cope with this environment reflect deeply rooted idiosyncratic identities."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      96 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2303
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "6930"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "6930"
          "slug" => "presentation-dune-experience-de-recherche-interactive-a-la-ratp"
          "yearMonth" => "1988-06"
          "year" => "1988"
          "title" => "Présentation d'une expérience de recherche interactive à la RATP"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (1988). Présentation d'une expérience de recherche interactive à la RATP."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      97 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2304
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7025"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7025"
          "slug" => "reducing-information-asymmetries-and-enabling-the-devleopment-of-european-markets-of-sme-transfer"
          "yearMonth" => "2012-09"
          "year" => "2012"
          "title" => "Reducing Information Asymmetries and Enabling the Devleopment of European Markets of SME Transfer"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2012). Reducing Information Asymmetries and Enabling the Devleopment of European Markets of SME Transfer. Dans: 37th International Small Business Congress 2012."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "37th International Small Business Congress 2012"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-07-13 14:31:11"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      98 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2305
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7044"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7044"
          "slug" => "relationships-between-entrepreneurs-and-established-firms-divorce-rivalry-cooperation"
          "yearMonth" => "1994-08"
          "year" => "1994"
          "title" => "Relationships between Entrepreneurs and Established Firms : Divorce, Rivalry, Cooperation"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1994). Relationships between Entrepreneurs and Established Firms : Divorce, Rivalry, Cooperation."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Cette communication propose un cadre conceptuel pour rendre compte des intéractions entre entrepreneurs et firmes établies. L'analyse des contextes-types d'évitement, de compétition et de coopération permet de déduire un ensemble de compétences organisationnelles qu'une firme établie devrait réunir si elle cherche à mettre en oeuvre une stratégie de développement en s'appuyant sur le partenariat systématique avec entrepreneurs."
            "en" => "The communication proposes a conceptual framework to account for the interactions between entrepreneurs and established firms. The analysis of typical contexts of avoidance, rivalry, and cooperation enables us to identify a set of organizational capabilities required from an established firm that pursues a development strategy through systematic collaboration with entrepreneurs."
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      99 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2306
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7315"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7315"
          "slug" => "the-engines-of-organizational-development-and-change-how-the-past-shapes-the-present-and-constrains-the-future"
          "yearMonth" => "1991-11"
          "year" => "1991"
          "title" => "The Engines of Organizational Development and Change : How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. et KIMBERLY, J. (1991). The Engines of Organizational Development and Change : How the Past Shapes the Present and Constrains the Future."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => ""
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      100 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2307
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "7451"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "7451"
          "slug" => "the-struggle-for-the-soul-of-economics-at-the-university-of-notre-dame-a-microprocessual-analysis"
          "yearMonth" => "2013-07"
          "year" => "2013"
          "title" => "The Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of Notre Dame: A Microprocessual Analysis"
          "description" => "KIMBERLY, J. et BOUCHIKHI, H. (2013). The Struggle for the Soul of Economics at the University of Notre Dame: A Microprocessual Analysis. Dans: 29th EGOS Colloquium 2013."
          "authors" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
            1 => array:1 [
              "name" => "KIMBERLY J."
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "29th EGOS Colloquium 2013"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2021-04-19 17:57:25"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => null
            "volume" => null
            "number" => null
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      101 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2308
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "13066"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "13066"
          "slug" => "le-nouveau-modele-de-developpement-du-maroc-vers-un-nouveau-paradigme-daction-publique"
          "yearMonth" => "2022-06"
          "year" => "2022"
          "title" => "Le nouveau Modèle de Développement du Maroc : Vers un nouveau paradigme d'action publique"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2022). Le nouveau Modèle de Développement du Maroc : Vers un nouveau paradigme d'action publique. Dans: 11ème colloque international AIRMAP. Rabat."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "11ème colloque international AIRMAP"
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-07-18 16:33:00"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
            "volume" => ""
            "number" => ""
          ]
          "type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Communications dans une conférence"
            "en" => "Presentations at an Academic or Professional conference"
          ]
          "support_type" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "countries" => array:2 [
            "fr" => null
            "en" => null
          ]
          "abstract" => array:2 [
            "fr" => ""
            "en" => ""
          ]
          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
      102 => Essec\Faculty\Model\Contribution {#2309
        #_index: "academ_contributions"
        #_id: "13067"
        #_source: array:18 [
          "id" => "13067"
          "slug" => "le-pari-du-numerique-dans-le-nouveau-modele-de-developpement-du-maroc-une-utopie-realiste"
          "yearMonth" => "2022-06"
          "year" => "2022"
          "title" => "Le pari du numérique dans le Nouveau Modèle de Développement du Maroc : une utopie réaliste?"
          "description" => "BOUCHIKHI, H. (2022). Le pari du numérique dans le Nouveau Modèle de Développement du Maroc : une utopie réaliste? Dans: Colloque international  de recherches et d'études en management. Oujda."
          "authors" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "name" => "BOUCHIKHI Hamid"
              "bid" => "B00000059"
              "slug" => "bouchikhi-hamid"
            ]
          ]
          "ouvrage" => "Colloque international  de recherches et d'études en management."
          "keywords" => []
          "updatedAt" => "2023-07-18 16:34:15"
          "publicationUrl" => null
          "publicationInfo" => array:3 [
            "pages" => ""
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          ]
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          "authors_fields" => array:2 [
            "fr" => "Management"
            "en" => "Management"
          ]
          "indexedAt" => "2023-12-06T17:22:08.000Z"
        ]
        +lang: "en"
        +"_type": "_doc"
        +"_score": 5.101605
        +"parent": null
      }
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